PSYC 5 – Exam 2 – Flashcards
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Alternate states of consciousness can be achieved in which of the following ways?
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A. During sleep and dreaming B. Via chemical channels C. Through hypnosis and meditation D. All of these options Answer Key: D
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How many stages of distinct sleep stages do we typically experience during a normal night's sleep?
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A. 3-4 B. 4-5 C. 5-6 D. 6-8 Answer Key: B
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Jordan is in the first stage of sleep. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of her consciousness at this time?
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A. A ringing telephone could easily awaken her (not answer) B. She is experiencing alpha brain waves (possible answer) C. Her breathing is regular (not answer) D. Her heart rate and blood pressure are slowing
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Which class of drugs reviewed in your text can cause increased perceptions of power?
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A. Opiates B. Depressants C. Stimulants D. Hallucinogens Answer Key: C
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Which of the following are "club drugs"?
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A. LSD B. MDMA C. Special K D. All of the above E. B and C only Answer Key: E
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Which of the following is a circadian rhythm?
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A. The sleep-wake cycle B. The menstrual cycle C. Jet lag D. All of these options Answer Key: A
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Which of the following is characteristic of Stages 3 and 4 sleep?
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A. Very slow, high-amplitude delta waves B. Story-like dreams C. The brain is most receptive to foreign language or other learning tapes D. All of these options Answer Key: A
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Which of the following is the CORRECT sequence of sleep stages?
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A. Non-REM Stages 1-2-3-4 - REM B. Hypnagogic Stages 1-2-3-4 - REM - Stages 4-3-2-1 C. Hypnogagic Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 - REM D. Non-REM Stages 1-2-3-4-3-2 - REM Answer Key: C
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Which of the following physiological processes can be changed during meditation?
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A. Sweat gland activity and oxygen consumption B. Heart rate and blood pressure C. Parasympathetic response D. All of these options Answer Key: D
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Which of the following statements about sleep disorders is TRUE?
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A. Less than 5% of American adults suffer from sleep disorders. B. Only 5% of children under the age of 5 have sleep disorders. C. Americans spend less than 10 million on sleep aids. D. Approximately 20% of all drivers have fallen asleep for a few seconds at the wheel. Answer Key: D
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You just awoke from a startling dream in which you were very frightened, but could not move. How would the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming explain your dream?
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A. Your amygdala was randomly stimulated, but REM- stage paralysis kept you from moving. B. You were frightened by something during the day but didn't pay attention to it at the time, which caused you to feel helpless in your dream. C. You are frightened of your occasional urges to harm others, and your unconscious mind prevented you from following through on these urges. D. You experienced random stimulation of the amygdala and other brain areas, but your cerebellum was not stimulated at all. Answer Key: A
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Which neurotransmitter(s. is/are thought to be important in addiction?
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A. serotonin B. dopa-mine C. glutamate D. both B and C E. all of the above Answer Key: D
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Based on cognitive-social learning theory, which of the following is the BEST slogan to present to a class for parents who want their children to adopt their standards of behavior?
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A. Silence is golden. B. Do as I say, not as I do. C. Because I said so. D. Follow my lead. Answer Key: D
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Based on observational learning research, which of the following is TRUE?
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A. Children who watch aggression are less likely to aggress because they have gotten it out of their systems. B. Children will imitate an aggressive model who appears to receive a reinforced as a result of the behavior. C. Television and movie aggression are not related to real-life aggression in children because they can tell the difference between fantasy and reality. D. If you watched aggressive television when you were a child, and it didn't make you more aggressive, this is evidence that aggressive TV does not influence children's behavior. Answer Key: B
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This hidden learning exists without behavioral signs until there is some reason to demonstrate it.
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A. Subliminal learning B. Subconscious learning C. Lucid learning D. Latent learning Answer Key: D
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This is a cue that signals when a specific response will lead to an expected reinforcement.
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A. A successive approximation B. A discriminative stimulus C. A generalized stimulus D. An operant stimulus Answer Key: B
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This is a factor that increases the modeling effects of violent video games.
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A. Videos are interactive. B. Videos are engrossing to the player. C. Video players identify with the aggressor in the game. D. all of these options Answer Key: D
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This is a theory of learning that emphasizes the role of thought and social learning in behavior.
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A. Cognitive-social theory B. Cognitive social learning C. Cognitive-behavioral theory D. All of these options Answer Key: D
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This is the idea that an organism has a built-in readiness to form associations between certain stimuli and responses.
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A. Learned disposition B. Biological preparedness C. Predispositional association D. Biological association Answer Key: B
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This theory says learning occurs by watching others.
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A. Social learning B. Social cognitive C. Observational learning D. All of these options Answer Key: C
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Tony sees a little boy crying and he feels sad. At the biology level, what is the BEST explanation of what is happening?
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A. Mirror neurons are firing B. Sensory neurons have been stimulated C. Dopamine is being released D. There is no biological explanation of empathy Answer Key: A
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Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination in classical conditioning?
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A. Hank thinks all elderly drivers are slow and leave their blinkers on. B. Sung-lee believes that everyone should wear their seat belts because she was hurt in an accident when she wasn't wearing one. C. After an accident with a red car last month, Giorgio gets nervous when he sees a red car, but not when he sees a red truck or van. D. Phoung is an aggressive driver, but stops for red lights because she got a ticket for running one several months ago. Answer Key: C
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Which of the following is an example of the use of classical conditioning in everyday life?
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A. Treating alcoholism with a drug that causes nausea when alcohol is consumed B. The use of seductive women to sell cars to men C. Politicians learn that associating themselves with home, family, babies, and the American flag Correct D. All of these options Answer Key: D
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Which of the following typically develops gradually during the course of conditioning?
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A. UCS B. CS C. CR D. UCR Answer Key: B
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In the three-stage memory model, which of the following is the CORRECT memory pathway?
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A. Sensory memory - STM - LTM B. STM ‡ LTM - perceptual memory C. Sensory memory - perceptual memory - working memory D. Sensory memory - STM - LTM - perceptual memory Answer Key: A