PSYC 160 CH5 – Flashcards
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The Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which a child thinks about the world only from his or her personal perspective is:
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egocentrism
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Overregularization occurs because children:
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assume their language always follows the rules they already know..
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A person's average body mass index (BMI) is the lowest between the ages of:
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5 to 6.
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Humans seek reasons, causes, and underlying principles to explain the world around them. The research term for this tendency is:
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Theory-Theory
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Joachim lives in the United States. His mother speaks to him in Spanish. His father speaks to him in German. His parents hope that Joachim will:
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become a balanced trilingual.
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Which is an example of scaffolding?
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Miriam helps her son Ben to make cookies. She measures all of the ingredients out and places them on the counter in small bowls. She reads the recipe aloud as Ben places the ingredients in the bowl and mixes them together with a spoon.
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An activity that requires fine motor skills is:
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buttoning a coat
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The left side of the brain notices _____, while the right side grasps _____.
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the details; emotions
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Parents of a typical 5-year-old girl in America are MOST likely to say:
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"She isn't eating enough."
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What has research found to be the most effective way to teach English to children of Hispanic heritage while simultaneously improving their Spanish?
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combining English and Spanish instruction
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Writing your name is a ______, whereas kicking a ball is a(n) ______.
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fine motor skill; gross motor skill
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When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to Jennie's:
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static reasoning.
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Today's children could become the first generation in more than 100 years to have a shorter lifespan than their parents as a result of:
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their propensity to overeat and underexercise.
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The long band of nerve fibers that connects the brain's hemispheres is:
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the corpus callosum
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Which statement about oral health is true?
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It is vital for children in early childhood to brush their teeth every day.
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Preschoolers often have trouble tying their shoelaces because they have inadequate:
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fine motor skills.
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Many researchers believe that a preschooler with plumbism is prone to:
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committing violent acts as a teenager.
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The ability to plan and prioritize appears to be directly related to the development of the _____ cortex.
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prefrontal
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Opinions surrounding the issues of children's freedom on playgrounds and their supervision in public places are often affected by a person's:
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culture
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Salim is in a teacher-directed preschool. Which activity would his parents NOT expect him to be doing?
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working on a long-term individual project about birds
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Which statement about Kelemen's study exploring theory-theory with Mexican-American mothers and their children is true?
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Children are more likely to ask about human behavior than non-living things.
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Preschoolers try to make up a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as:
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theory-theory.
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According to theory-theory, what kind of information are young children seeking when they ask "Why?"
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They want to know how the situation or behavior affects them
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Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, Mason, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin "pancake." When Daryl asks Mason if there is now more Silly Putty, Mason replies "Yes" because he has:
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not mastered the concept of conservation.
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Myelination is important because it:
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speeds up the transmission of neural impulses.
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Which of these is an example of secondary prevention?
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pushing a child out of the way of a falling ladder
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Which statement about left-handed people is true?
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Their corpus callosa tend to be thicker than those of right-handed people.
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About _____ percent of people in Great Britain and the United States are left-handed.
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10
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A child's ability to add new vocabulary words very quickly is called:
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fast-mapping
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"I catched two mouses in a trap" is an example of:
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overregularization.
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At what age does any specific disease overtake accidents as a cause for human mortality?
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40
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Most teacher-directed preschool programs stress:
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academics.
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The increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that young children experience:
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frightening nightmares.
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The characteristic of preoperational thought in which a young child thinks that nothing changes is called:
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static reasoning.
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A 6-year-old human's brain is _____ percent of the adult brain's weight.
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90
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A person's understanding of the thoughts of other people is called:
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theory of mind
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Ryan suffered a brain injury as a result of an automobile accident. His abilities to speak and to process language were severely affected. His injury was to the:
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left side of his brain.
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Researchers had children sort picture cards by shape. Then they asked the same children to sort the same cards by color. They found that children under the age of 4:
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had difficulty changing to a new sorting pattern.
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Learning Circle Preschool emphasizes individual pride and achievement while focusing on teaching young children literacy-related tasks. Learning Circle's approach seems to most closely resemble a(n) _____ program.
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Montessori
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The ability to generate several thoughts in rapid succession is most specifically related to:
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myelination.
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Compared to children who did not attend an intensive early intervention program, longitudinal studies showed that the children who did participate:
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were less likely to need special education and more likely to attend college.
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Which early childhood method has been found to boost reading several years later in elementary school?
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code-focused teaching
