Question 1

Lawrence Kohlberg built on the theories of ______ in his description of the stages of moral development.

Accepted Answer

Jean Piaget

Question 2

Postconventional morality involves:

Accepted Answer

the careful consideration of all options.

Question 3

About _____ of school-age children live in a two-parent family.

Accepted Answer

two-thirds

Question 4

More than people of any other age, children between the ages of 6 and 11 are:

Accepted Answer

industrious, practicing the skills valued by their culture.

Question 5

The statement that best reflects moral reasoning at the preconventional level is:

Accepted Answer

\"I am careful not to get caught.\"

Question 6

Since Carter\'s mother suffers from depression and his father is an alcoholic, Carter is often neglected. Despite his circumstances, he maintains a positive outlook. What may be helping Carter to maintain his positive attitude?

Accepted Answer

his circle of friends and their activities

Question 7

Which scenario is typical of the industry versus inferiority stage?

Accepted Answer

Rudy is having difficulty in learning math, but he continues to practice.

Question 8

Mr. Cortez had a good conversation about the fairness of restitution and retribution with 9-year old Sherrod. The next day, Sherrod still thought retribution was most fair. Scientific study shows us that this MOST likely means that talking about moral values with children:

Accepted Answer

will not bring about immediate change.

Question 9

The kind of bully who is the most strongly disliked by peers is called a:

Accepted Answer

bully-victim.

Question 10

When one assesses one\'s abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against one\'s peers, one is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

social comparison.

Question 11

Girls who bully typically:

Accepted Answer

mock and ridicule their victim.

Question 12

Chance steals food to feed himself and his little brother because they are starving. If another child hears about this and states, \"Chance shouldn\'t steal because stealing is against the law,\" that child is MOST likely in Kohlberg\'s ___ stage of moral development.

Accepted Answer

conventional

Question 13

Susan decides not to tell the teacher that her classmate Ian is cheating on the math exam because she is afraid the other kids will call her a snitch. This is an example of Kohlberg\'s stage ______ of moral development.

Accepted Answer

conventional

Question 14

Dimitri has been married before and has two biological children. He has just married Natasha, who has also been married before and has a biological son. Their family is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

stepparent family

Question 15

According to Erikson, if 9-year-old Anna is successful in solving her psychosocial conflict, she should be developing a(n) ______ view of herself.

Accepted Answer

industrious

Question 16

Preconventional morality involves:

Accepted Answer

seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

Question 17

Which is NOT a common value among 6- to 11-year-old children?

Accepted Answer

dressing like adults

Question 18

One study found that 98 percent of surveyed children believed that sports teams should exclude:

Accepted Answer

no child based on race or gender.

Question 19

Joel, age 8, lives in a very stressful, chaotic home where he sometimes witnesses his mother being physically abused by her boyfriend. Joel\'s problems may be overcome by:

Accepted Answer

being actively involved in his church.

Question 20

The percentage of school-age children that live in single-parent households is:

Accepted Answer

31%

Question 21

What is the first stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg\'s theory?

Accepted Answer

preconventional

Question 22

In childhood, how children react to a serious stressor depends primarily on:

Accepted Answer

how many total stressors are present.

Question 23

Family structure refers to:

Accepted Answer

the legal and genetic relationships of people in a household.

Question 24

Child labor has been deemed _____ by the United Nations.

Accepted Answer

immoral

Question 25

What factors generally determine whether a child is well liked by his or her peers?

Accepted Answer

culture and cohort

Question 26

Huong moved often as a child. His parents did not spend much time helping him with homework, and he did not participate in extracurricular activities. The MOST likely reason for this is his:

Accepted Answer

parents\' SES.

Question 27

What is the third stage of moral reasoning in Kohlberg\'s theory?

Accepted Answer

postconventional

Question 28

The Piagetian stage of development that is similar to Kohlberg\'s stage of preconventional morality is:

Accepted Answer

the preoperational stage.

Question 29

Olivia is an extremely shy and anxious 8-year-old girl. Other children seem to dislike her. She appears to be a(n):

Accepted Answer

withdrawn-rejected child.

Question 30

When children act as parents and try to take care of everyone, it is called:

Accepted Answer

parentification

Question 31

By the time children are the age of 10, which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

Both boys and girls want to have best friends.

Question 32

According to Erikson\'s theory, children in middle childhood tend to judge themselves as either:

Accepted Answer

industrious or inferior.

Question 33

The most common type of family for children in the United States is the:

Accepted Answer

nuclear family.

Question 34

When 9-year-old children were asked to choose between retribution and restitution for a punishment:

Accepted Answer

about half chose restitution and half chose retribution.

Question 35

Family function refers to:

Accepted Answer

how a family cares for its members.

Question 36

In a typical military family, income is _____ and _____ is absent.

Accepted Answer

higher; stability

Question 37

Research shows that a child is most likely to be a victim of bullying if the child is:

Accepted Answer

withdrawn-rejected.

Question 38

What is Erikson\'s fourth stage of psychosocial development?

Accepted Answer

industry versus inferiority

Question 39

According to Erikson, if eight-year-old Kristina does NOT solve the fourth stage of her psychosocial conflict, she will come to view herself as:

Accepted Answer

inferior

Question 40

Freud referred to middle childhood as the period of:

Accepted Answer

latency

Question 41

The tendency to assess one\'s own abilities by measuring them against those of other people, especially peers, is:

Accepted Answer

social comparison.

Question 42

The capacity to develop well by adapting positively to significant adversity is called:

Accepted Answer

resilience

Question 43

The way in which a family works to meet the needs of its members is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

family function.

Question 44

The legal and genetic connections among people living in the same household are known as:

Accepted Answer

family structure.

Question 45

A child that grows up in a military family is usually lacking in:

Accepted Answer

stability

Question 46

The most common type of family structure for U.S. children between ages six and 11 is:

Accepted Answer

nuclear

Question 47

An extended family is a family that may include:

Accepted Answer

cousins, uncles, and grandparents

Question 48

According to your text, two factors that significantly interfere with family function in every nation are:

Accepted Answer

low income and high conflict.

Question 49

A characteristic of the culture of children may include:

Accepted Answer

spouting curses, accents, and slang.

Question 50

Psychosocially, one of the most important tasks of a middle-school child is to:

Accepted Answer

learn how to get along with peers.

Question 51

Research on social acceptance among children indicates that:

Accepted Answer

some children are well liked - others aren\'t - and those in both groups change over time.

Question 52

The ability to understand human interactions is called:

Accepted Answer

social cognition.

Question 53

Rita, who is unpopular among her peers, frequently ridicules and antagonizes other children. Her behavior suggests that she is a(n):

Accepted Answer

aggressive-rejected child.

Question 54

Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

bullying

Question 55

Research has shown that children develop their own standards of right and wrong, guided by:

Accepted Answer

peers, parents, and culture.

Question 56

The theorist associated with the six stages of moral reasoning is:

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg

Question 57

Civic sense and virtue begins:

Accepted Answer

in middle childhood.

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