PSY1010 CH11 Stress, Health, Human Florishing – Flashcards
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he second phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by: resistance. exhaustion. an alarm reaction. low blood pressure.
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resistance
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Some researchers suggest that there is a link between stress and cancer. However, one danger of focusing on this relationship is that some: healthy people will tell patients with cancer that their cancer is not their fault. patients will blame themselves for their illness. healthy people will not take credit for their "healthy character." patients will NOT blame themselves for their illness.
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patients will blame themselves for their illness
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The idea that anger is reduced through aggressive action or fantasy is known as: the adaptation-level principle. catharsis. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. the spill-over effect.
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catharsis
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Derek's psychologist has asked him to write about a personal trauma he experienced as a child. How might this writing exercise influence his health? He will have fewer health problems in the coming months. He will initially have more health problems caused by exposing his traumatic experience. He will likely lose weight. His life will not change, since expressing yourself in writing has not been shown to be connected to health.
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He will have fewer health problems in the coming months
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Jack feels that his economic situation is caused by the current political situation and the lack of incentives for small businesses. Jack fails to realize that his unnecessary spending and poor business choices may have contributed to his current situation. Jack has a(n): internal locus of control. external locus of control. self-serving bias. sense of pessimism.
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external locus of control
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Gail believes that she controls her own destiny. She is independent and does well in school. Her health is excellent, and she is able to cope with various stresses. Gail has a(n): internal locus of control. external locus of control. self-serving bias. sense of pessimism.
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internal locus of control
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Shane's doctor suggests that he begin an aerobic exercise program in addition to the psychotherapy for his depression. As a result, Shane will experience all of the following EXCEPT that he will: be able to manage stressful life events better. feel more vigor. likely lose weight and feel less fatigued. become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program.
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become more depressed from the stress of the exercise program
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Aerobic exercise _____ the body's production of serotonin and _____ its production of the endorphins. decreases; decreases increases; increases decreases; increases increases; decreases
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increases; increases
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A teacher prepares a lecture on the benefits of exercise that will NOT highlight which of these? Exercise orders up mood-boosting chemicals such as serotonin. Exercise modestly enhances cognitive abilities. Exercise provides decreased warmth and body arousal. Exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.
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Exercise provides decreased warmth and body arousal
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The perception that people are worse off relative to those with whom they compare themselves is known as: relative deprivation. the adaptation-level phenomenon. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. subjective well-being.
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relative deprivation
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Loren is studying emotion in her psychology class and is surprised to find out that in individualistic cultures, _____ is related to happiness; in communal cultures _____ matters more. physical attractiveness; high self-esteem high self-esteem; social acceptance educational levels; social acceptance high self-esteem; physical attractiveness
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high self-esteem; social acceptance
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The catharsis hypothesis suggests that people feel better if they vent their emotions by "blowing off steam." However, playing violent video games seems to increase aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. These findings seem to: contradict the catharsis hypothesis. confirm the catharsis hypothesis. suggest that playing violent video games is a good way to deal with emotions. have no relationship to the catharsis hypothesis.
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contradict the catharsis hypothesis
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These lymphocytes attack cancer cells, viruses, and other foreign substances. T lymphocytes B lymphocytes G lymphocytes L lymphocytes
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T lymphocytes
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A health psychologist would be most likely to conduct research assessing the relationship between: lung disease and life expectancy. prenatal hormones and brain development. unprotected sex and sexually transmitted diseases. inherited genes and cardiovascular disease.
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unprotected sex and sexually transmitted diseases
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The correct order of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is: resistance, exhaustion, alarm reaction. exhaustion, alarm reaction, resistance. alarm reaction, exhaustion, resistance. alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion.
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alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion.
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Attempting to alleviate stress directly by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction is known as: problem-minded coping. problem-focused coping. emotion-focused coping. social-focused coping.
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emotion-focused coping
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People experiencing learned helplessness tend to _____. live longer lives be less prone to health problems have a reduced immune response experience less stress
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have a reduced immune response
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_____ instruments mirror the results of a person's own efforts, enabling the person to learn which techniques do (or do not) control a particular physiological response. Spontaneous remission Catharsis Polygraph Biofeedback
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Biofeedback
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A local religious organization has taken an interest in reaching out to community members with AIDS. They were prompted to do this when they learned that religiously active AIDS patients seem to _____ than do their nonreligious counterparts. survive longer have more depressed moods have higher stress hormone levels exhibit fewer problem-focused coping skills
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survive longer
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Psychologists would MOST likely use biofeedback to help clients reduce: nicotine addiction. depression. tension headaches. obesity.
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tension headaches
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Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that his research study was approved for publication. However, his joyful feelings quickly dissipated when he heard his colleague recently had three different research articles approved for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is BEST explained by the: facial feedback effect. relative deprivation principle. James-Lange theory. adaptation-level phenomenon.
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relative deprivation principle
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After receiving approval to begin a long-awaited consulting project, Dr. Morris was much more inclined to contribute to the local giving campaign in town. This BEST illustrates: the two-factor theory. adaptation-level phenomenon. catharsis. feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon
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A celebrity experiences ever-increasing levels of acclaim following each successful movie role. Yet with each success, she experiences only a temporary surge of subjective well-being. This is BEST explained in terms of the: catharsis hypothesis. James-Lange theory. two-factor theory. adaptation-level phenomenon.
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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The interdisciplinary field of _____ integrates behavioral and medical knowledge, applying this knowledge to health and disease. behavioral medicine developmental psychology experimental psychopathology clinical neuroscience
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behavioral medicine
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Cancer-producing substances such as smoking, radioactive materials, and in some ways, stress, are known as: telomeres. lymphocytes. teratogens. carcinogens.
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carcinogens
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Anders has just received devastating news about the copy shop he owns. Things seem very bleak because a nationally-known competitor is moving in on the same block. Anders has many debts to pay off, and his wife is expecting their fourth child. When he hears the bad news, his heart rate zooms and he feels faint, like he is in shock. According to Hans Selye, he is in: Phase 4, unable to recover. Phase 3, in a state of exhaustion. Phase 2, in a state of resistance. Phase 1, experiencing an alarm reaction.
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Phase 1, experiencing an alarm reaction
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_____ is to addressing work problems with a colleague as _____ is to talking to one's hair stylist about all of the problems at work. Problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping Emotion-focused coping; problem-focused coping Unperceived control; perceived control Perceived control; unperceived control
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Problem-focused coping; emotion-focused coping
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Zach's wife complains that every time he practices his guitar he loses track of time and of the needs of the family (e.g., crying baby, hungry toddler, dirty dishes). She thinks it is like he is in another world where nothing else matters to him. This focused state of consciousness is called: the spotlight effect. an Electra complex. learned helplessness. defensive self-esteem.
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learned helplessness
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Researchers use a measure of _____ to determine a person's self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. subjective well-being objective well-being valence catharsis
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subjective well-being
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The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to the impact of: optimism on good health. mood on self-control. happiness on helpfulness. empathy on interpersonal conflict.
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happiness on helpfulness
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Compared with monkeys left in stable groups, those that were housed with three or four new roommates each month were more likely to experience: shrinkage of the adrenal cortex. reduction of blood cholesterol levels. suppressed production of lymphocytes. reduced build-up of plaques on artery walls.
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suppressed production of lymphocytes
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These lymphocytes release antibodies that fight bacterial infections. T lymphocytes B lymphocytes G lymphocytes L lymphocytes
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B lymphocytes
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Ariana believes that yelling at her husband serves to calm her feelings of anger toward him. Her belief is MOST clearly consistent with: the adaptation-level principle. subjective well-being. catharsis. the relative deprivation principle.
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catharsis
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Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way people interact with that stressor is known as: problem-minded coping. problem-focused coping. emotion-focused coping. social-focused coping.
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problem-focused coping
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After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her situation. Her reaction BEST illustrates: the spotlight effect. the Electra complex. learned helplessness. defensive self-esteem.
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learned helplessness
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People who have _____ believe that chance or outside forces determine their fate. People who have _____ believe that they control their own destiny. an internal locus of control; an external locus of control an external locus of control; an internal locus of control continuous reinforcement; intermittent reinforcement siblings; no siblings
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an external locus of control; an internal locus of control
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_____ is the scientific study of optimal human functioning. This field aims to discover and promote the strengths that allow people and communities to thrive. Positive psychology Personality psychology Developmental psychology Industrial-organizational psychology
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Positive psychology
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If there was one piece of advice to offer about how to become happy and remain happy, which of these would it be? Real, long-lasting happiness comes from financial success because whoever dies with the most toys, wins. Do not worry about personal contacts because close friends will not bring happiness in the long run. Give priority to close relationships and seek work and leisure activities that are engaging. Focus on the individual self and do not worry about those in need; they can take care of themselves.
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Give priority to close relationships and seek work and leisure activities that are engaging
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People who are easygoing, relaxed, and do not let things get to them are classified as: creative. Type A. Type B. Type D.
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Type B
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The director of an assisted-living housing complex was puzzled by the following situation. When she let the residents choose their own dinner-time, as well as what they wanted to eat, she realized there were far fewer health problems and deaths. To what might she attribute this? emotion-focused coping perceived control explanatory style social support
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perceived control
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In a senior writing seminar, students were asked to write a brief autobiography. Sixty years later, if a researcher were to analyze these autobiographies, what would be the MOST likely outcome in terms of their longevity? More specifically, which group is likely to live an average of seven years longer? those who had expressed narcissism in their autobiographies those who had expressed anger and sorrow in their autobiographies those who had expressed happiness and love in their autobiographies We cannot predict longevity on the basis of emotions.
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those who had expressed happiness and love in their autobiographies
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Julie believes that only she can turn her life around and be responsible for her choices. Julie has a(n): internal locus of control. external locus of control. self-serving bias. sense of pessimism.
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internal locus of control
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_____ is a focused state of consciousness that occurs when someone is completely involved in an activity, with diminished awareness of self and time. Personnel psychology Flow Motivation Theory X
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Flow
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The third phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) is characterized by: resistance. exhaustion. an alarm reaction. low blood pressure.
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exhaustion
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Researchers have reported a relationship between _____ and the progression of HIV infection to AIDS. negative emotions high socioeconomic status gender education
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negative emotions
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Which of these does NOT describe people with an internal locus of control versus people with an external locus of control? achieve more in school enjoy better health feel less depressed believe that their fate is decided by luck
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believe that their fate is decided by luck
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People who are competitive, super-motivated, impatient, and verbally aggressive are likely to be classified as: creative. Type A. Type B. Type D.
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Type A
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Roger has a full-time job, a part-time job, and a new consulting company in response to his son's special needs. He seems to be coping with everything quite well, for the moment anyway. According to Hans Selye, he is in which stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Phase 4, unable to recover Phase 3, in a state of exhaustion Phase 2, in a state of resistance Phase 1, experiencing an alarm reaction
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Phase 2, in a state of resistance
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Once again, the director of an ancillary department has interfered with Durinda's project. She has even accused her of illegal activities when she knows that Durinda has committed none. Durinda discusses this situation with her boss who helps her to reframe the situation and put things into perspective. The mere discussion helps relax Durinda and serves as: part of the adaptation-level principle. a subjective well-being. a catharsis. part of the relative deprivation principle.
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a catharsis
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Sadie's father-in-law had a serious heart attack several weeks ago. She is concerned because he lives alone. After his heart attack, which acquisition would increase his odds of survival? a more reliable automobile a dog a bicycle helmet safety bars in his bathroom
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a dog
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People have a tendency to judge stimuli relative to those previously experienced. For example, if a man's current income level increases, he feels an initial surge of pleasure. However, as he adapts to that income level, he comes to consider it normal. He then requires something better to feel another surge of happiness. This is known as: relative deprivation. the adaptation-level phenomenon. the feel-good, do-good phenomenon. subjective well-being.
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the adaptation-level phenomenon
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Rachel is a very optimistic young woman. She usually expects the best, even in uncertain times. Her college roommate, Leah, is pessimistic and is always expecting the worst. For these two women, what will MOST likely happen during finals week? Leah will have less aches and pains than will Rachel. Leah will have less fatigue and fewer coughs than will Rachel. Rachel will have less fatigue and fewer coughs than will Leah. The two of them will have the same degree of fatigue and coughing.
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Rachel will have less fatigue and fewer coughs than will Leah
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Type A personality is to Type B personality as _____ is to _____. epinephrine; norepinephrine obesity; cancer time-conscious; competitive irritable; calm
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irritable; calm
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People tend to _____ the long-term emotional impact of sustaining a paralyzing physical injury, and they tend to _____ the long-term emotional impact of acquiring wealth. overestimate; underestimate underestimate; overestimate overestimate; overestimate underestimate; underestimate
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overestimate; overestimate
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Luciano believes that the best way to get over his anger toward his high school teacher is to scream profanities while hitting a punching bag. His belief is an example of: the relative deprivation principle. the adaptation-level phenomenon. catharsis. the guilty knowledge test.
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catharsis
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People's sense of controlling their environment rather than feeling helpless is known as: intermittent reinforcement. environmental control. continuous reinforcement. personal control.
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personal control
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B lymphocytes are formed in the: adrenal gland. brainstem. thyroid. bone marrow.
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bone marrow
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Reluctantly, Valerie decides to take a long awaited trip to New Zealand. The thing that is most disturbing to her is that she must leave her pet monkey behind. There is a "pet hotel" in the city that has agreed to take him for her. Should she worry about him? No. Monkeys love new social situations, and their immune systems are actually strengthened. Yes. Monkeys under stress because of social disruptions tend to have increased lymphocyte production. Yes. Monkeys under stress because of social disruptions have weakened immune systems. Not sure. No studies have been done examining social disruptions and monkey immune systems.
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Yes. Monkeys under stress because of social disruptions have weakened immune systems
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Mandisa is under an extreme amount of stress. She is battling with her ex-husband about money and their children. In this time of stress, Mandisa turns to her friends for support and spends as much time with her children as possible. Shelley Taylor would say that she is responding to stress according to which model? "Tend and Befriend" "Fight or Flight" "Fight or Flee" "Danger and Anger"
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"Tend and Befriend"
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External locus of control is to _____ as internal locus of control is to _____. reciprocal determinism; learned helplessness outside forces; personal control self-serving bias; spotlight effect sense of optimism; sense of pessimism
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outside forces; personal control
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After receiving exciting news about his grandson's healthy birth, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This BEST illustrates: the two-factor theory. adaptation-level phenomenon. catharsis. feel-good, do-good phenomenon.
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feel-good, do-good phenomenon
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Research indicates that people who _____ are more vulnerable to disease. own dogs are recently widowed have their own business bet at the racetrack
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are recently widowed
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Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends on luck and that it does not matter if she puts effort into her athletic training. Her belief MOST clearly illustrates: the spotlight effect. the Barnum effect. the self-serving bias. an external locus of control.
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an external locus of control
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Roy Baumeister and Julie Exline report that this temporarily weakens after an exertion, replenishes with rest, and becomes stronger with exercise. an internal locus of control self-control reciprocal determinism a defense mechanism
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self-control
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A month ago, Jason lost his job because of circumstances beyond his control, and he is very concerned about his financial situation. Since then, he has learned that his wife will not be able to return to the United States because she cannot get her "green card." Also, his rent-controlled apartment is being sold, so he must find another place to live. Given what happens when people feel unable to control their environment, which of these is MOST likely happening to Jason? His immune response is dropping. His blood pressure is decreasing. His stress hormone levels are depressed. He is less vulnerable to disease.
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His immune response is dropping
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Donald takes 15-minute lunch breaks, has his cell phone with him at all times, checks his tablet the moment he wakes up, and puts in 14-hours a day at the office. Donald is a: Type B personality. Type C personality. Type A personality. Type D personality.
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Type A personality
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Mick never seems to be satisfied with his achievements. He is not depressed; he does celebrate those achievements, but his achievements become normal after some time, and he moves on to the next big thing. This is BEST explained in terms of the: catharsis hypothesis. James-Lange theory. two-factor theory. adaptation-level phenomenon.
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adaptation-level phenomenon
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T lymphocytes are formed in the: adrenal gland. brainstem. thymus. bone marrow.
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thymus
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People tend to use emotion-focused, rather than problem-focused, coping strategies when they: appraise a stressful event as a challenge rather than a threat. believe they cannot change a stressful situation. enter the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome. deal with the stress of daily problems, such as obnoxious cell-phone talkers.
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believe they cannot change a stressful situation
