PSY Developmental: Chapter 1 – Flashcards
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What is the scope of the field of lifespan development?
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It covers the entire lifespan of the individual from birth to death and examines the ways in which people develop physically, intellectually, and socially.
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What does lifespan development attempt to ask?
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The ways in which people change and remain the same over the years of life.
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What is the definition of lifespan development?
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It is the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occurs through out the life span.
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What type of approach does lifespan development take?
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A scientific approach
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Lifespan development focuses on ____ development.
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human
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All developmentalists view development as what?
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A continuing process through out the life span.
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True or False are developmentalists concerned with stability
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Yes
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True or False do people maintain the capacity for substantial growth and change through out their lives?
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Yes
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Physical development
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The ways in which the body's makeup- the brain, nervous system, muscles, and senses, and the need for food, drink, and sleep- helps determine behavior.
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What would be an example of physical development?
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The effects of malnutrition on the pace of growth in children.
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Cognitive development
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Seeeking to understand how growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence a person's behavior.
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What do cognitive developmentalists examine?
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learning, memory, problem-solving, and intelligence
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What is an example of cognitive development?
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How problem solving skills change over the course of life.
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Personality development
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Is the study of stability and change in the characteristics that differentiate one person from another over the life span.
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Social development
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Is the way in which individuals interactions and relationships with others grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.
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What would a developmentalist interested in personality development ask?
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whether there is stable, enduring personality traits throughout the lifespan.
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What would a specialist in social development examine?
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The effects of racism or poverty or divorce on development.
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prenatal period
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conception to birth
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infancy and toddlerhood
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birth to 3
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preschool period
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3-6
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middle childhood
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6-12
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adolescence
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12-20
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young adult
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20-40
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middle adult
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40-60
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late adult
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60-death
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What is a social construction?
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Is a shared notion of reality that is widely accepted but is a function of society and culture at any given time.
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What does age largely depend on?
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culture
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True or False There are substantial individual differences in the timing of events in people's lives
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True
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True or False people mature at different rates and reach developmental milestones at different points.
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True
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What are the broad topical areas that we see across the lifespan?
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physical, cognitive, social, and personality development
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Race
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A biological concept that refers to classifications based on physical and structural characteristics of species.
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Ethnic group/ethnicity
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Broader, referring to cultural background,nationality, religion, and language.
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True or False race is not problematic
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False, it has been very problematic
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cohort
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A group of people born around the same time in the same place.
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What influences cohorts?
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major social events like wars, economic upturns, depressions, famines, and epidemics.
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age graded influences
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are biological and environmental influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group, regardless of wen or where they are raised.
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sociocultural-graded influences
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the social and cultural factors present at a particular time for a particular individual, depending on such variables as ethnicity, social class, and subcultural membership.
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what is an example of an age graded influences?
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menopause, puberty, entry into formal education
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non-normative life events
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Specific, atypical events that occur in a particular person's life at a time when such events do not happen to most people.
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what is an example of a non-normative life event?
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A child who's parents die in an automobile accident when she is 6.
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What are the 3 assumptions made by lifespan developmentalists?
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1. Focus on human development 2. Understanding of stability in addition to growth and change 3. The perception that development persists throughout our entire lives.
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True or false stages of the life span such as adolescence and middle age are universal across cultures and stable across history?
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False, different cultures experience different life events.
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The time when children utter their first complete sentence is an example of?
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an age-graded influence
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Continuous change
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development is gradual, with achievements at one level building on those of previous levels.
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Is continuous change quantitative or qualitative?
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quantitative
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discontinous change
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occuring in distinct stages. Each stage brings about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages.
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critical period
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a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequences.
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When do critical periods occur?
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when the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli are necessary for development to proceed normally.
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True or false there is increasing evidence that people can use later experiences to help overcome earlier deficits.
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True
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Sensitive periods
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Organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments.
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What is the difference between a critical period and a sensitive period?
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Critical periods assumes that the absence of certain kinds of environmental influences produces permanent consequences for an individual. Whereas in sensitive periods an individual can bounce back from previous negative events.
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True or False developmentalists believe the entire lifespan is important?
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True
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True or False Infant development is in part an outgrowth of adult development
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True
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Nature
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Traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one's parent's.
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Maturation
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The predetermined unfolding of genetic information
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What is an example of nature?
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eye color, thickness of hair, baldness, how well our brains develop.
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nurture
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environmental influences that shape behavior.
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True or False neither nature nor nurture stands alone in most developmental matters
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True
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Grady believes that human development occurs in small, measurable amounts. His sister Andrea disagrees and suggests that human development is more distinct and step like. Their argument is most reflective of the ___ issue
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continuous and discontinuous
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A ___ period is a specific time during development when a particular event has its greatest consequence.
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critical period
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True or False Nurture refers to traits, abilities, and capacities that are inherited from one's parents.
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False, this is nature.
