Question 1

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of

Accepted Answer

behavioral consistency

Question 2

The belief that some distressing physical symptoms could not be readily explained in terms of neurological impairments contributed most directly to

Accepted Answer

Freud\'s interest in unconscious conflicts

Question 3

Free association is central to the process of

Accepted Answer

psychoanalysis

Question 4

In suggesting that the mind is like an iceberg, Freud was most clearly emphasizing the importance of the unconscious by having the entire _____ at that level

Accepted Answer

id

Question 5

Ego is to id as__is to _____

Accepted Answer

reality principle; pleasure principle

Question 6

Katrinka habitually makes nasty, hostile comments about her teachers. Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the

Accepted Answer

id

Question 7

According to Freud\'s theory, the ego...

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is the executive part of personality

Question 8

For several months after he lost the job he had held for nearly 20 years, Mr. Ullomi frequently lost his temper and suffered periodic crying spells. His behavior is most clearly an example of

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regression

Question 9

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul\'s belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Accepted Answer

projection

Question 10

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung

Question 11

Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, expanded Freud\'s assumption about

Accepted Answer

seeking security over insecurity

Question 12

Tests that present ambiguous stimuli designed to uncover hidden personality dynamics are called _____tests.

Accepted Answer

projective

Question 13

The major reason for criticism of the Rorschach test is that

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only a few of the many Rorschach-derived scores have demonstrated validity

Question 14

Frida was informed by a professional palm reader, \"You generally communicate openly with others, but you have certain dark secrets that even your closest friends could never guess.\" The fact that Frida was impressed by the palm reader\'s insight into her personality best illustrates...

Accepted Answer

the Barnum effect

Question 15

The Barnum Effect

Accepted Answer

individuals will give high accuracy ratings to descriptions of their personality that supposedly are tailored specifically for them, but are in fact vague and general enough to apply to a wide range of people.

Question 16

Coretta is quiet, pessimistic, anxious, and moody. In terms of the Eysenck\'s basic personality dimensions she would be classified as

Accepted Answer

unstable-introverted

Question 17

Mr. Dutoit was asked by his psychotherapist to look at some ambiguous pictures and make up a story about each. Mr. Dutoit was most likely taking the

Accepted Answer

Thematic Apperception Test

Question 18

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Accepted Answer

a projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 19

Which perspective on human personality emphasizes reciprocal determinism?

Accepted Answer

social-cognitive

Question 20

reciprocal determinism

Accepted Answer

the interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and environment

Question 21

The humanistic perspective is to Maslow as the trait perspective is to

Accepted Answer

Allport

Question 22

According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among

Accepted Answer

behaviors, internal personal factors, and environmental events

Question 23

Learned helplessness is most likely to result from

Accepted Answer

an external locus of control

Question 24

Learned helplessness is most likely to promote

Accepted Answer

pessimism

Question 25

According to the social-cognitive perspective, one of the vest ways to predict a person\'s future behavior is to

Accepted Answer

observe that person\'s behavior in various relevant situations

Question 26

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates

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the self-serving bias

Question 27

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the

Accepted Answer

id

Question 28

The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of

Accepted Answer

self-determinism

Question 29

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung

Question 30

Being highly imaginative is most closely related to the Big Five trait dimension of

Accepted Answer

openness

Question 31

Big Five

Accepted Answer

extroversion, openness, neuroticism, conscientiousness,. agreeableness

Question 32

Is the MMPI test empirically derived?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Question 33

The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one\'s personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as

Accepted Answer

the Barnum effect

Question 34

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes influences of traits and situations on human behavior?

Accepted Answer

social-cognitive perspective

Question 35

Social-cognitive perspective

Accepted Answer

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people\'s traits (including their thinking) and their social context

Question 36

Analena\'s refusal to purchase fattening snacks at the grocery store is both a cause and a consequences of her superior dietary self-control. It may have started because of the environment at the grocery store or her thinking before get got to the store. This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

reciprocal determinism

Question 37

Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha\'s belief most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

an external locus of control

Question 38

external locus of control

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the perception that chance or outside forces beyond your personal control determine your fate

Question 39

After experiencing inescapable brutalities as a prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp, Mr. Sternberg became apathetic, stopped eating, and gave up all efforts to physically survive the ordeal. Mr. Sternberg\'s reaction most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

learned helplessness

Question 40

Martin Seligman advocates a positive psychology, which focuses on topics such as:

Accepted Answer

optimism

Question 41

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

Accepted Answer

view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others

Question 42

When Professor McKay nervously began teaching a university class for the first time, he overestimated the extent to which his students would notice that he was anxious. His reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

the spotlight effect

Question 43

Mira claims that alcohol dependence is a disease that, like pneumonia or meningitis, can be cured or prevented with proper treatment. Her belief is most clearly consistent with

Accepted Answer

the medical model

Question 44

Using DSM-IV-TR guidelines, two different clinicians are likely to give a specific patient the same diagnosis, This indicates that the DSM-IV-TR si

Accepted Answer

reliable

Question 45

Anxiety is considered disordered if it is:

Accepted Answer

frequent and distressing

Question 46

Rishi, a college student, complains that he feels apprehensive and fearful most of the time but doesn\'t know why. Without warning, his heart begins to pound, his hands get icy, and he breaks out in a cold sweat. Rishi most likely suffers from a(n)

Accepted Answer

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 47

While he was studying, Matthew was suddenly overwhelmed by feelings of intense apprehension. For several minutes he felt so agitated that eh could not catch his breath. Matthew was most likely suffering from a(n)

Accepted Answer

panic attack

Question 48

Mrs. Swift is alarmed by her own intrusive and irrational thoughts that her house is contaminated by germs. Her experience best illustrates the agitating effects of

Accepted Answer

an obsession

Question 49

A therapist suggests that Mr. Broshi continues to bite his fingernails because this behavior often reduced his feelings of anxiety in the past. The therapist\'s suggestion most clearly reflects a ___________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

learning/behavioral

Question 50

Fear-learning experiences can traumatize the brain by creating fear circuits within the

Accepted Answer

amygdala

Question 51

Hypochondriasis is characterized by

Accepted Answer

the misinterpretation of normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease.

Question 52

Two or more distinct identities appear to alternately control the behavior of those with:

Accepted Answer

DID

Question 53

Several weeks after being fired from a job he has held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recongnize his wife. Landon\'s experience is most indicate of

Accepted Answer

dissociative disorder

Question 54

Is bipolar disorder classified as a mood disorder?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Question 55

Because it is so pervasive, _______is often considered \"the common cold\" of psychological disorders

Accepted Answer

depression

Question 56

Which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger toward parents?

Accepted Answer

psychoanalytic

Question 57

Psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

Freud\'s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions.

Question 58

Abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin are associated with

Accepted Answer

depression

Question 59

Jabar, a 25-year-old auto mechanic, thinks he is Napoleon. He further believes he is being imprisoned against his will in the mental hospital where his relatives have brought him for treatment. Jabar is most likely suffering from

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia

Question 60

The distinctive features used to identify the three clusters of personality disorders are

Accepted Answer

anxiety, eccentricity, and impulsivity

Question 61

An antisocial personality disorder is most likely to be characterized by

Accepted Answer

a lack of guilt feelings

Question 62

Carl Jung referred to a shared reservoir of memory trace from out species history as the

Accepted Answer

collective unconscious

Question 63

The symptoms of ______ are likely to appear at an earlier age than the symptoms of ______.

Accepted Answer

antisocial personality; schizophrenia

Question 64

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

Accepted Answer

biomedical therapies

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