Psy 307 Final - Flashcards

question

Gina is MOST likely to experience disenfranchised grief if her _____ dies. o

answer

Ex-husband

question

Myette has just been told that she has breast cancer and that her tests show that the cancer has spread to her liver. Myette says, "I feel great. The lab obviously has my test results mixed up with someone else." According to Kübler-Ross, Myette is in the _____ stage of dying. o

answer

Denial and isolation

question

In general, research suggests that physicians have a(n) ______ attitude toward advance directives. o

answer

Positive

question

Active euthanasia is legal in the state of: o

answer

Oregon

question

Traditional Amish and Jewish cultures are similar in how they cope with death in that they both: o

answer

provide a lot of community support for the family over several months.

question

A recent study found that advance care planning was associated with all of the following EXCEPT: o

answer

Decreased quality of care at the end of life

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Which of the following statements about hospice care is TRUE? o

answer

Hospice care emphasizes palliative care.

question

Pining and preoccupation with thoughts of the deceased person are associated with: o

answer

separation anxiety.

question

Emilio is facing imminent death. Given a choice, the LEAST desirable place he would choose to die is: o

answer

In a nursing home

question

_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love. o

answer

Grief

question

Active euthanasia is legal in: o

answer

the Netherlands and Uruguay.

question

In 1994, the state of _____ passed the Death With Dignity Act, which allows active euthanasia. o

answer

Oregon

question

Six months after their loss, approximately _____ percent of survivors have difficulty moving on with their life, feel numb or detached, believe their life is empty without the deceased, and feel that the future has no meaning. o

answer

10 to 20

question

A flat EEG (electroencephalogram) recording for a specified period of time is one criterion of:

answer

o Brain death

question

Which of the following statements about a living will is FALSE? o

answer

Only the terminally ill can write one.

question

In the Gond culture of India, death is believed to be caused by: o

answer

Magic and demons

question

_____ is a program committed to making the end of life as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible. o

answer

Hospice

question

After accepting the certainty of death, a period of _____ or preparatory grief may appear. o

answer

Depression

question

Turning off a respirator or a heart-lung machine is an example of _____ euthanasia. o

answer

Passive

question

_____ grief is grief over a deceased person that is socially ambiguous and cannot be openly mourned or supported. o

answer

Disenfranchised

question

Vashti believes that the more energetic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus she believes in:

answer

Activity theory

question

According to the socioemotional selectivity theory, the emotion trajectory is high during:

answer

infancy and early childhood.

question

Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. This is an example of which model of social relations?

answer

The convoy model

question

Which of the following could be the probable reason why older adults tend to report being less lonely than younger adults?

answer

Older adults have more selective social networks and a greater acceptance of solitude.

question

Which of the following is the MOST frequent form of ageism?

answer

Disrespect for older adults

question

Aging expert Laura Carstensen concluded that people:

answer

choose close friends over new friends as they grow older

question

All of the following are associated with reminiscence therapy in older adults EXCEPT:

answer

Increased physical mobility.

question

Approximately _____ of the total health bill of the United States is for the care of adults 65 and over, who comprise only 12 percent of the population.

answer

One-third

question

Which of the following statements about cohabiting older adults is TRUE?

answer

Research indicates that middle-aged and older adult cohabiting men and women reported higher levels of depression than their married counterparts.

question

One study revealed that an important factor among older adults who showed a higher level of emotion regulation and successful aging was:

answer

reduced responsiveness to regrets.

question

Which of the following is NOT true of Internet penetration and usage amongst older adults?

answer

Older adults log lesser time on the Internet than younger adults.

question

Which of the following theories challenges the notion that older adults are in despair because of social isolation?

answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

question

In 2012, _____ percent of U.S. adults over 65 years of age were married.

answer

58

question

A recent analysis concluded that rates of volunteering do not decline significantly until the:

answer

Mid-seventies

question

Data from a recent longitudinal study found that internet use by older adults was associated with a decrease of one-third in the likelihood of developing:

answer

Depression

question

A recent study found that activities with friends _____ positive affect and life satisfaction in older adults.

answer

Increased

question

Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend MOST of their time with familiar individuals and family?

answer

Socioemotional selectivity theory

question

Which of the following statements about social support for older adults is FALSE?

answer

Social support has not been shown to affect depression in older adults.

question

Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as a motivation to look back and evaluate their life. This form of retrospection is what many theorists call:

answer

Life review

question

A longitudinal study of more than 1,200 individuals across seven decades revealed that a higher score on the Big Five personality factor of _____ predicted a lower risk of earlier death from childhood through late adulthood.

answer

Conscientiousness

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According to research, each successive generation in the twentieth and now the twenty-first century is _____ educated than generations prior.

answer

More

question

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the 75-84 and 85 and over age groups?

answer

Cardiovascular disease

question

In 2011, 1 in _____ men 75 or older was still working.

answer

9

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the three major diseases that can impair the vision of older adults?

answer

Myopia

question

Cognitive neuroscience has uncovered some important links between aging, the brain, and cognitive functioning. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

answer

In older adults, the functioning of the hippocampus declines more than the functioning of the frontal lobes.

question

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

answer

Arthritis

question

All of the following are characteristics associated with centenarians EXCEPT:

answer

Smoking

question

Older adults who participated in 20 one-hour video game training sessions with the program Lumosity showed improvements in their:

answer

selective attention.

question

Researchers are exploring _____ buffering strategies, such as exercise, in an effort to find ways to attenuate some of the negative effects of stress on the aging process.

answer

Stress

question

Which of the following is observed in older adults?

answer

The chest size decreases.

question

Alzheimer disease is a form of:

answer

Dementia

question

Estimates indicate that as many as _____ percent of individuals 65 years of age and older have mild cognitive impairment.

answer

10 to 20

question

The cognitive benefits for older adults who exercise include all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Expanded short-term memory capacity.

question

Salina walks with a marked stoop now that she is old. This is most likely due to:

answer

Osteoporosis

question

Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of various types of training in improving working memory in older adults. These studies provide evidence for the ______ of working memory in older adults.

answer

Plasticity

question

In 2011, which of the following countries had the highest life expectancy?

answer

Monaco

question

_____ is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for Alzheimer disease.

answer

Mild cognitive impairment

question

_____ is a condition in which individuals may have relatively normal peripheral vision but are unable to see clearly what is right in front of them.

answer

Macular degeneration

question

Ellie is 75 years old. According to your text, she is MOST likely to complain about:

answer

Back pain

question

Which of the following statements about older workers is TRUE?

answer

Older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers.

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_____ develops when individuals sense that they have done nothing for the next generation.

answer

Stagnation

question

Which of the following aspects of life do middle-aged adults feel they have less control over?

answer

Sex life

question

According to the Big Five factors of personality, which of the following personality supertrait describes whether an individual is either secure or insecure?

answer

Neuroticism

question

_____ encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation.

answer

Generativity

question

In a recent study by Cox & others, _____ was strongly linked to middle-aged adults' positive social engagement in contexts such as family life and community activities.

answer

Generativity

question

What did Levinson's research conclude about women in midlife transition?

answer

Levinson reported that his stages, transitions, and the crisis of middle age hold for women as well as men.

question

George Vaillant concludes that _____ is a time for detecting parental flaws and discovering the truth about childhood.

answer

Adolescence

question

Which of the following is TRUE of middle-aged and older adults who had poor sibling relationships in childhood?

answer

Men were more likely to develop depression by age 50.

question

Which of the following is one of the Big Five factors of personality?

answer

Extraversion

question

The _____ model of personality development states that with time and age people become more adept at interacting with their environment in ways that promote increased stability in personality.

answer

Cumulative personality

question

According to Levinson, the transition to middle adulthood lasts about _____ years.

answer

Five

question

Saeko has commited herself to the continuation and improvement of society as a whole through her connection with their children and grandchildren. According to Erikson, she is:

answer

Generative

question

According to Levinson, one of the changes to middle adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts. Which of the following is NOT one of these major conflicts?

answer

Being attractive versus being unattractive

question

According to research, grandparents who are raising their grandchildren are at increased risk for developing:

answer

Depression

question

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Valliant's view on midlife?

answer

Valliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis.

question

In a survey conducted by AARP (2004), the primary reason middle-aged and older women cited for wanting a divorce was:

answer

verbal, physical, or emotional abuse.

question

According to the contemporary life-events approach, the influence of life events also depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT:

answer

The individual's cognitive capacity

question

Three prominent meanings are attached to being a grandparent. Which of the following is NOT one of those meanings?

answer

A financial strain

question

Middle-aged partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they:

answer

engage in mutual activities.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl?

answer

He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence and the certainty of death adds meaning to life.

question

In a study of adults 55 years and older, sexual activity was linked to:

answer

improvements in physical and mental health.

question

According to a study by Park, _____ religious individuals were less likely to be psychologically distressed

answer

Highly

question

Harriet, a middle-aged woman, just started taking yoga classes. She is likely to see a decrease in her:

answer

Menopausal symptoms

question

What was the average life expectancy in 1900?

answer

47 years

question

All of the following have been identified as sources of chronic stress EXCEPT:

answer

Marital satisfaction

question

On average, body fat accounts for about _____ of body weight in middle age.

answer

20 percent

question

Which of the following statements about cardiovascular disease is TRUE?

answer

When HDL is high and LDL is low, the risk of cardiovascular disease is lessened.

question

Exercise in middle-age was linked to a reduction in the occurrence of lung cancer by approximately:

answer

68 percent

question

Which of the following statements about late midlife is FALSE?

answer

People in late midlife are less likely to experience their last child leaving home than people in early midlife.

question

Age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in:

answer

The back and legs

question

In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early thirties through their late sixties/early seventies:

answer

a significant increase in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood.

question

Stan, a middle-aged man, rarely gets more than five hours of sleep a night. Stan is at risk for:

answer

a weakening of his immune system.

question

Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:

answer

Age identity

question

The pleasant times after work when individuals are free to pursue activities of their own interest is called:

answer

Leisure

question

A man in his mid-forties is MOST likely to notice:

answer

Joint stiffness

question

Toby has the ability to visualize three-dimensional objects and rotate them. Toby's ability is known as:

answer

spatial orientation

question

According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older women?

answer

Lack of sexual interest

question

Identify a possible reason for the changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence of different age groups in John Horn's cross-sectional study

answer

Cohort effects

question

Which of the following is MOST typical of the vision-related issues faced by middle-aged persons?

answer

Difficulty viewing close objects

question

In terms of attachment, who fulfills the needs for young adults that parents did for their children?

answer

Romantic partners

question

A recent study found that an insecure attachment to parents at age 14 predicted:

answer

a more anxious romantic attachment style at age 22.

question

Juggling the competing demands of intimacy, identity, and independence becomes a central task of:

answer

Adulthood

question

Juggling the competing demands of intimacy, identity, and independence becomes a central task of:

answer

Intimacy

question

Development in early adulthood involves a balance of:

answer

intimacy and commitment on the one hand, with independence and freedom on the other.

question

A recent study revealed that in their early twenties, women showed more _____ with their closest friend than did men.

answer

emotional intimacy

question

According to Ellen Berscheid, the most important ingredient of romantic love is:

answer

Sexual desire

question

A relationship marked by intimacy and commitment but low or lacking in passion is called _____, a pattern often found among couples who have been married for many years.

answer

Affectionate love

question

Bob worships his colleague Anne. He loves her from afar but there is no intimacy or closeness between them. Sternberg would characterize this as _____ love.

answer

Fatuous

question

According to Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love, consummate love is characterized by:

answer

passion, intimacy, and commitment.

question

According to Sternberg, the strongest, fullest form of love is ______ love.

answer

Consummate

question

Carlise feels passionate about her husband, they often disclose their innermost thoughts to one another, and both are committed to the relationship. Which type of love describes their relationship?

answer

Consummate

question

Which of the following is NOT a problem that face many cohabitating couples?

answer

Pet ownership

question

Living together in a sexual relationship without being married is known as:

answer

Cohabitation

question

Which country has the highest divorce rate?

answer

Russia

question

With regard to the timing of remarriage, in the United States:

answer

men tend to remarry sooner than women do.

question

The average age that a woman gives birth for the first time in the United States is:

answer

26

question

Most parents learn parenting practices from:

answer

Their own parents

question

According to Tannen, women enjoy _____ talk more than _____ talk.

answer

Rapport; report

question

"I don't need all the elaborate details, just tell me what I need to know." This phrase is typical of someone who prefers _____ talk when communicating.

answer

report

question

In the United States, the most widely recognized marker of entry into adulthood is:

answer

holding a permanent, full-time job.

question

James, an American, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____, whereas Nirmal, an Indian, will most likely consider himself an adult when he _____.

answer

gets a full-time job; gets married

question

Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college. The two transitions have many parallels. Which of the following is one of them?

answer

The top-dog phenomenon

question

Muscle tone and strength usually begin to show signs of decline around the age of:

answer

30

question

A recent study revealed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.

answer

engaged in lower levels of physical activity

question

A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high-SES backgrounds showed that college students from low-SES backgrounds _____ than their higher-SES counterparts.

answer

ate more fast food and fewer fruits/vegetables

question

Being overweight or obese is linked to increased risk of:

answer

Hypertension

question

Rhett is looking for the most effective way to lose his excess weight and to keep it off. You would tell him that the most effective weight-loss programs invariably include:

answer

Exercise

question

Sustained exercises such as jogging, swimming, or cycling that stimulate heart and lung activity are known as:

answer

aerobic exercises.

question

Marie is reluctant to marry since she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is:

answer

clearly the exception rather than the rule.

question

In 1994, Robert Michael and his colleagues conducted a comprehensive survey of American sexual patterns. Results from this "Sex in America" survey suggested that Americans' sexual lives are _____ than previously believed.

answer

more conservative

question

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in heterosexual and homosexual relationships?

answer

Both heterosexual women and lesbians have fewer sexual partners than men

question

Condoms are less effective against the spread of:

answer

Herpes

question

According to Jean Piaget, which of the following characterizes the thinking of 7- to 11-year-olds?

answer

Concrete operational thinking

question

Some developmentalists theorize that it is not until adulthood that many individuals consolidate their _____ thinking.

answer

formal operational

question

Identify the way in which young adults think differently from adolescents.

answer

The thinking of young adults is more reflective.

question

The number of full and part-time college students who are also working has _____ since 2008.

answer

decreased

question

According to the 2014-2015 Occupational Outlook Handbook, all of the following are projected to be the fastest growing job categories EXCEPT:

answer

Lawyers

question

Which of the following is NOT linked to cardiovascular disease?

answer

Life satisfaction

question

Alonzo is unemployed. According to your text, he is at risk for

answer

cardiovascular disease.

question

Identity development:

answer

gets done in bits and pieces.

question

An individual's body image encompasses his/her:

answer

physical identity

question

Which of the following is the term Erik Erikson uses to describe the gap between childhood security and adult autonomy?

answer

Psychosocial moratorium

question

Which of the following is the identity status where crisis and commitment are both absent?

answer

Identity diffusion

question

Which of the following is the identity status where a crisis is present but commitment is absent?

answer

identity moratorium

question

Most researchers believe that changes in identity are more likely to take place during:

answer

emerging adulthood.

question

Which of the following is NOT associated with low levels of parental monitoring?

answer

Higher academic achievement

question

Which of the following statements about autonomy-granting in adolescence is TRUE?

answer

Boys are given more independence than girls.

question

Reggie, 16, gets into a lot of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around:

answer

everyday events of family life.

question

Mexican-origin adolescent girls living in the United States expected autonomy:

answer

at an earlier age than their mothers preferred.

question

_____, the most influential theorist to discuss the importance of adolescent friendships, proposed that friends become increasingly important in meeting social needs in adolescence

answer

Harry Stack Sullivan

question

Sullivan argued that the need for _____ intensifies during early adolescence, motivating teenagers to seek out close friends.

answer

Intimacy

question

_____ are small groups that range from two to about twelve individuals and average about five or six individuals

answer

Cliques

question

What is the difference between cliques and crowds?

answer

Cliques are more personal than crowds.

question

A study of tenth graders revealed that:

answer

having more romantic experience was linked to a higher level of substance use and delinquency.

question

Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is MOST likely to have better access to education?

answer

Sita is girl who lives in India; Suki is a girl who lives in Japan. They both have two older brothers. According to research, who is MOST likely to have better access to education? o Suki

question

A national survey revealed that _____ percent of 18- to 24-year-olds had created a profile on a social networking site and _____ percent of them visited a social networking site several times a day.

answer

81;31

question

Which of the following statements about the trends in juvenile delinquency in the U.S. is FALSE?

answer

about half of the delinquency caseloads in 2005 involved females.

question

Which of the following is TRUE about why males are more likely than females to succeed in committing suicide?

answer

They use more lethal means than do females.

question

Who among the following are LEAST likely to exhibit suicidal behavior?

answer

African-American male adolescents

question

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _____ for girls than for boys.

answer

two years earlier

question

Which of the following statements about the timing and variations in puberty is TRUE?

answer

For girls, menarche is considered within the normal range if it appears between the ages of 9 and 15.

question

Who amongst the following is MOST likely to be dissatisfied with body image as pubertal change proceeds?

answer

A girl in early adolescence

question

Donna is concerned about her adolescent daughter's tendency to flare up at the mildest provocations. Donna says that her daughter refuses to see reason sometimes and seems unable to exercise much self-control. As a specialist in the development of adolescents, you would tell Donna that her daughter's behavior could partly be explained by the biological reason that:

answer

the amygdala—the seat of emotions such as anger—matures earlier than the prefrontal cortex in adolescents.

question

The _____ is the "judgment" region that reins in intense emotions but doesn't finish developing until at least emerging adulthood.

answer

Prefrontal cortex

question

Over the last two decades, the U.S. birth rate for 15- to 19-year-olds has decreased by approximately ______ percent.

answer

50

question

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a _____ percent risk of getting HIV.

answer

1

question

In a single act of unprotected sex with an infected partner, a teenage girl has a ______ percent risk of contracting gonorrhea.

answer

50

question

Daughters of teenage mothers are:

answer

at increased risk for teenage childbearing.

question

Research has shown that infants born to adolescent mothers are more likely to have:

answer

Childhood illnesses

question

In terms of sex education, most experts agree:

answer

that sex education programs reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

question

Sleep deprivation during adolescence contributes to all of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Better academic achievement.

question

Mary Carskadon and her colleagues' research on adolescent sleep patterns found that:

answer

when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes a night.

question

Anorexia nervosa is about _____ likely to occur in females than males.

answer

10 times more

question

Identify the similarity between anorexics and bulimics.

answer

They have a distorted body image

question

In contrast to Piaget's views, the development of formal operational thinking:

answer

is promoted by education in the logic of science and mathematics.

question

According to David Elkind, personal fable and imaginary audience are parts of adolescent:

answer

Egocentrism

question

Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?

answer

Imaginary audience

question

In terms of decision making, adolescents make better decisions:

answer

When they are calm

question

In a study, almost 50 percent of high school dropouts cited _____ reasons for leaving school.

answer

School-related

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