question

which of the following is the best way to ensure adequate nutrition and vitamin intake

answer

eat well balanced meals with a variety of foods.

question

by the age of 6, the rigidity characteristic of the just right stage of developement tends to fade. t/f

answer

true

question

which of the following substances has been shown to reduce intelligence and increase behavoir problems in young children

answer

lead

question

growth and developement in which area of the brain most direclty aids memory

answer

hippocampus

question

jake father is taking him to the barber for his first real haircut. at first jake is excited about his first trip to the barber, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair, he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. in spite of his fathers efforts to assure jake that his hair will grow backe, jake is exhibiting the Piagetian concept of

answer

Irreversibility

question

jayson understands 4+6=10 but does not understand that 10-6=4. jayson is displaying

answer

irreversibility

question

pete helps his 2 year old daughter count blocks and measure teaspoons of cocoa. pete is providing

answer

scaffolding

question

language to advance thinking through...

answer

social mediation

question

one underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is

answer

neurolgical maturation

question

overregularization is actually a sign of verbal sophistication t/f

answer

true

question

while neglect is harmful to a child, it is not as damaging as physical abuse t/f

answer

false

question

to assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in

answer

static reasoning

question

authoritarian parents welcome their childrens opinions and are sensitive to their feelings t/f

answer

false

question

an angry 5 year old might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed

answer

emotional regulation

question

when alone, however, jasmina rarely plays. her motivation to play the piano...

answer

is most likely extrinsic

question

the presence of imaginary friends positvely correlates with an increase in..

answer

intiative

question

sara, molly, and shy are playing dress-up. they are all princesses and have built a castle out of cardboard boxes and colored paper. what type of play are the three girls engaging in

answer

sociodramatic play

question

james and lila are parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children. they are exhibiting the:

answer

authoritative pattern of parenting

question

four year old bill watches television violence at least 2 hours a day. most likely, as he grows older:

answer

he will become aggresive himself

question

one of the most important ways in which children learn to control their aggression is through

answer

play

question

which of the following is a result of extensive, active play in young children

answer

mastary of gross and fine motor skills

question

Kayla is 4 year old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more effiently. this developement may be attributed to

answer

growth of the corpus callosum

question

the increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that children during the play years experience

answer

frightening nightmares

question

realla understands that if she had 4 pieces of pizza and we give her 2 more, she will have 6. however she does not know what happens if she had 6 and we take away2. piaget would say that raella

answer

had demonstrated irreversible thinking

question

when a young child asks why what kind of information is the child most likely seeking

answer

they want to know how the situationn or behavoir will affect them.

question

children with autism have been shown to be impaired in theory of mind t/f

answer

true

question

a young child will have the most difficult time understanding words which

answer

express the relationships of place and time

question

public health experts recognize that while injuries to children occur, their effects may be minimized through

answer

injury control

question

to assume that the world is unchanging is to engage in

answer

static reasoning

question

according to erikson whcih of the following aids young children in demonstrating initiative

answer

****

question

compared with other cultures, north american families of preschool children..

answer

use the discipline technique of time out most often to deal with a childs misbehavoir

question

the presence of imaginary friends positively correlates with an increase in

answer

intiative

question

children who lack self control are most likely to have parents who are

answer

permissive

question

one of the worst effects of the media on children is

answer

*****

question

impulsiveness and perseveration are the same in that theyboth represent

answer

an underdeveloped prefontal coretex

question

A good magician must get the audience to focus on one aspect of his or her demonstration while manipulating another. this is most easy with preoperational as they are easily fooled with their tendency to

answer

demonstrate centration

question

whereas piaget saw cognitive development as a result of individual discovery, Vygotsky attributed it to

answer

socail activities quided by others

question

one factor that strenthens theroy of mind at about age 4 is

answer

having an older sibling

question

the most common cause of death of children worldwide is

answer

accidents

question

young children typically have low self asteem since they compare their abilities with those of peers t/f

answer

false

question

psychological control as a means of discipline relies on which of the following

answer

a childs feelings of guilt and gratitude to the parents

question

a play that mimics aggression through chasing or hitting but is not intended to harm is called

answer

rough and tumble play

question

among the majority of us families adolescents who are successful generous individuals are from

answer

authoritative homes

question

in us how many hours per day does the typical child ages 2 to 4 spend watching tv

answer

****

question

of the different types of aggression the most destructive and threatening is

answer

bulling aggression

question

a cross sequential design

answer

followstowor more groups whoare of different ages over a period of time

question

a father want his son to help his mother wash the dishes every night. according to social learning theory,the father should

answer

help out with the dishes himself

question

a manner of studying human developement that takes into account phases of life is referred to as the

answer

life span perspective

question

an exampleof a behavoir by a reseacher that would be considered unethical is

answer

changing data to support the hypothesis

question

an individuals socioeconomic status includes

answer

levels of education

question

aresearcher was interested in whether watching violence affected childrens behavoirs. to examine this, he showed a violent film to one group of preschoolers and a nonviolent film to a second group of preschoolers. following the films, the behavoirs of the 2 groups werwe compared . this study was an

answer

expirement

question

cognitive theories emphasize the

answer

developement of thought processes and their effect on behavoir attitudes and beliefs

question

color blindness is more common among males cuz m

answer

most color blindness is inherited through a recessive gene on the X chromosome

question

____ refersto the effects of environmental forces on the expression of an individuals or species genetic inheritance

answer

Epigenetics

question

Eriksons theory involves developemental crises that involve 2 opposite outcomes, but most people end up somewhere in the middle t/f

answer

true

question

every normal human body cell, except for gametes and red blood cells, contain how many chromosomes

answer

23 pairs

question

external sex organs are fully formed by

answer

the 12th week after conception

question

if a researcher wanted to stuudy the developement of handwriting ability in children, she could measure the handwriting of a group of 2nd graders and continue to take handwriting samples from these same children each year until sixth grade, this is an example of

answer

longitudinal research

question

if you find a positive correlation between school grades and school attendance, you can conclude that

answer

high attendance and high grades to occur together

question

implantation begins approx. how long after conception

answer

10 days

question

in a normal birth, the action to trigger labor is initiated by the

answer

fetal brain

question

in classical conditioning an organism learns

answer

to associate a neutral stimulus with a meaningful one

question

in many cultures around the world, people believe that is is the husbands responsibility to earn the majorityof the income for the family this is an example of

answer

social construction

question

in operant conditioning, an organism learns that a

answer

paticular behavoir usually produces a particular consequence

question

in order to prevent a researchers bias from interfering with ethical data collection and reporting, which of the followin is an important part of the research process

answer

providing details of the study which will allow for replication

question

interviewing all the siblings for a pair of conjoined twins and asking them about their personal interactions would be an example of

answer

qualitative data collections

question

low birth weight babies are more likely to become adults who are

answer

overwieght

question

marsha has twins,a boy and a girl. the twins are

answer

dizygotic

question

molecules of DNA are called

answer

chromosomes

question

monozygotic twins

answer

even thouht they begin with identical genotypes their phenotypes may differ at birth

question

most zygotes with serious chromosomal problems

answer

do not begin to develope or are aborted spontaneously

question

one difference between sperm cells and ova is tha

answer

ova carr an X chromosome whereas sperm carry either X or Y chromosome

question

one disadvantage of cross sectional research is that differences could be dut to cohort rather than developement t/f

answer

true

question

pam attended her 20th high school reunion and had a wonderful time dancing the old dances and singing the old songs. according to multicontextual characteristics of development, her enjoyment may be attributed to

answer

cohort effect

question

phenotype refers to

answer

the actual expression of genetic tratis

question

recessive X linked genes are more

answer

likely to be expressed in a mans phenotype

question

saul and joe are unrelated next door neighbors. what percentage of the human genome do they share

answer

99.5

question

sperm and ova are called

answer

gametes

question

the chromosomal make up of a normal male is

answer

XY

question

the chromosomal makeup of a normal femle is

answer

XY

question

the critical factor in attaining the age of viability

answer

is having adequate brain developement

question

the fetus begins to develope male sex organs i

answer

if the SRY gene on the Y chromosome commands the sex organ to develope

question

the final step in scientific method is to

answer

report the results

question

the first hours and days of human development involove the process of

answer

duplication,division,and differentiation

question

the 5 characteristics that are evaluated in the APGAR are

answer

heart rate,breathing, muscle tone, color and reflexes.

question

the head begins to take shape in the

answer

fourth week

question

the idea that the study of developement involves several academic fields defines the ----- characteristic of developement

answer

multidiciplinary

question

the main advantage of observaton is that the scientist can make determinations about the cause and effect t/f

answer

false

question

the more hank eats, the less hungry he feels. the correlation that exists between his food intake and his hunger is

answer

negative

question

the nuerual tube will become the

answer

brain and spinal cord.

question

Apagar test

answer

heart rate, breathing muscletone, color, reflex

question

cross sectional research

answer

quickest and least expensive way to study developement

question

biosocial congnitive and phsychosocial

answer

3 types of domains of human developemnet

question

how and why people change across a life span

answer

the science of human developement best be described

question

Operant Conditioning

answer

is the process by which a response is gradually learned through reinforcement or punishment

question

Reinforcement

answer

is the process by which a particular action is followed by something desired, which makes the person or animal more likely to repeat the action.

question

Social learning theory

answer

an extensionof behavorism, emphasizes that people often learn new behavoris through observation and imitation of other people

question

CognitiveTheory

answer

emphasizes that the way people think and understand the world shpaes their attitudes, beliefs, and behavoirs.

question

Ecological systems approach

answer

to develope mental research takes into consideration the interrelationship between systems within the person and the environment

question

Dynamic systems theory

answer

views human development as in a constant state of flux and as the product of the interaction between systems within the person and the environment.

question

Scientific Observation

answer

is the unobtrusive watching and recording of participants behavoir in a systmatic and objective manner. either in the laboratory or in a natural setting.

question

Experiment

answer

is the research method designed to untangle cuase from effect by manipulating one variable to observe the effect on another variable.

question

Independent variable

answer

is the variable that is manipulated in an experiment to observe what effect it has on the dependent variable.

question

Dependent variable

answer

is the variable that may change as a result of whatever new condition or situation is added in an experiment. new drug on memory particpants memory is the dependent

question

Survey

answer

is the research method in which information is collected from a large number of people, either through written questionnaires, personal interviews, or some other means.

question

cross sectional research

answer

groups of people who differ in age but share other important characteristics are compared with reard to the variable under investigation

question

logitudinal research

answer

follows a group of people of different ages over time. thus combining the strengths of the cross sectional and longitudinal methods.

question

correlation

answer

is a number indicating the degree of relationdship between tow variables, such that one is likely to occur when the other occurs or one is likely to increase or decrease when the other increases or decreases

question

Quantitative research

answer

expressed in numbers

question

qualitatitve research

answer

collects non numerical descriptions of participants characteristics behavoir and ideas

question

Science of human development

answer

seeks to understand how and why all people, everywhere change or remain same over time

question

Scientific Method

answer

is a way to answer questions that requires empirical research and data based conclusions. The five basic steps are- pose a research question, develop a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, draw conclusions, report results which allows replication

question

Replication-

answer

means to repeat a test of a research hypothesis and to try to obtain the same results using different participants.

question

Nature

answer

refers to all the traits that a person inherits from his or her parents.

question

Nurture

answer

refers to all the environmental influences that affect development

question

Critical Period

answer

a time when a particular type of development must occur

question

Sensitive Period

answer

- is a time when a particular type of development happens most easily

question

Difference-Equals-Deficit Error

answer

is the false belief that deviations from average development are always inferior.

question

Life span Perspective-

answer

approaches human development by taking into account all phases of life, not just childhood or adulthood.

question

Cohort-

answer

is a group of people who because they were born within a few years of each other. Experience many of the same historical changes.

question

Socioeconomic Status-

answer

is determined by his or her income, wealth, eduction, place of residence and occupation

question

Ethnic Group-

answer

is a collection of people whose ancestors were born in the same region, often sharing a language, culture, and religion

question

Social Construction-

answer

is an idea that is based on shared perceptions, not on objective reality

question

Epigenetic refers

answer

to the effects of environmental forces on how genes are expressed.

question

Mirror Neurons

answer

- are cells in a person's brain that respond to the observed actions of others in the same way they would if the observer had done that action

question

Developmental theory-

answer

is a systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older

question

Psychoanalytic theory

answer

- interprets human development in forms of inner drives and motives, many of which are irrational and unconscious.

question

Behaviorism

answer

- studies observable behavior, it is also called learning theory because it describes that laws and processes by which behavior is learned.

question

Conditioning-

answer

is the learning process that occurs either through the association of two stimuli (classical Conditioning) or through the use of positive or negative reinforcement or punishment (operant conditioning)

question

Classical conditioning-

answer

is the learning processes by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful one so that both are responded to in the same way

question

DNA

answer

is the molecule that contains the chemical instructions for cells to manufacture various proteins.

question

Chromosomes

answer

are molecules of DNA that conatin genes organized in precise sequences. each cell contains 46 chromosomes 23pairs

question

Gamates

answer

are the human reproductive cells

question

Zygote

answer

is the single cell formed during conception by the fusing of two gamates a sperm and an ova

question

Genes

answer

are segments of a chromosome which is a DNA molecule, they are basic units for the transmission of hereditary instructions

question

genotypes

answer

the total of all the genes a person inherits his or her genetic potential

question

Allele

answer

is one of the normal versions of a gene that has several possible sequences of base pairs

question

genome

answer

is the full set of genes that are the instructions to make an individual member of certain species

question

Monozygotic

answer

developes from one(fertilized egg) zygote that splits apart,producing genetically identical zygotes,

question

Dizygotic twins

answer

developes from 2 separate ova fertilized by different sperm at roughly the same time, and therefore are no more genetically similar than ordinary siblings, fraternal twins

question

XX

answer

is the 23rd chromosome pair that in humans determines that the developing fetus will be female

question

XY

answer

is the 23rd chromosome pair that in humans determines that the developing fetus will be male

question

polygenic

answer

most human traits; they are affected by many genes.

question

multifactorial

answer

most human triats are that is influenced by many factors, including genetic and environmental factors.

question

additive genes

answer

the phenotype reflects the sum of the contributionsof all the alleles invovled. The allesles affecting height for example, interact in this fashion

question

dominant recessive pattern

answer

is the interaction of a pair of alleles in such a way that the phenotype reveals the influence of the dominate gene more thanthat of the recessive gene.

question

Carrier of that gene

answer

a person who has a recessive gene that is not expressedin his or her phenotype but than can be passed onto the person offspring

question

Heritability

answer

is a stastic that refers to the percentage of variation in a particular trait within a particular population, in a particular context and era that can be traced to genes.

question

Down Syndrome

answer

is the most common extra chromosome condition. people with down syndrome age faster than others often have unusaual facial features and heart abnormilites and invarialby develope Alzheimers disease

question

Fragile X syndrome

answer

is a single gene disorder in which part of the x chromosome is attached by such a thin string of molecules that it seems about to break off. Although the characteristics associated with this syndrome are quite varied, some mental deficiency is relatively common

question

Genetic counseling

answer

involves consultations and test through which couples can learn more about their genes, and can thus make informed decisions about the childbearing and child rearing future

question

Phenylketonuria

answer

is a genetic disorder in which the body cannot metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine which is found in many foods.

question

Germinal period

answer

The first two weeks of developement after conception characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differenation,

question

Embryonic Period

answer

is appox the 3rd -8th week of prenatal developement when the basic forms of all body structures develope

question

Fetal period

answer

from the 9th week after conception until birth, when organs grow in size and mature in functioning

question

placenta

answer

is the organ that developes in the uterus to protect and nourish the developing person

question

Implantation

answer

is the process by which teh developing organism burrows into the placenta that lines the uturus, where it can be nourished and protected during growth.

question

Embryo

answer

is the name for the developin human organism from abou the 3rd-8th week after conception

question

Fetus

answer

is the name for the developing human organism fromthe start of the 9th week after conception till birth

question

sonogram

answer

is an image of an unborn fetus produced with high frequency sound waves

question

Age of Viability

answer

about 22 weeks after conception, the fetus attians the age of viability,at which point it may survive outside the uterus if specialized medical care is available

question

Apgar Scale

answer

heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, color, reflexes a score of 7 or bethher indicates a well baby

question

Doula

answer

is a woman who works alongside medical staff to assist a woman through labor and delivery

question

C-section

answer

the fetus is removed from the mother 33%

question

Low birth weight

answer

a birth weight of 5.5 lbs , are at risk for manyimmediate and long term problems.

question

Very low birth wieght

answer

less than 3#s 5 oz 1500grams

question

Extremely low birth weight

answer

less the 2#. 3oz

question

Preterm birth

answer

when an infant is born 3 or more weeks before the due date,

question

Small for gestational age SGA

answer

infants who weigh substanially less than they should given how much time has passed since conception(small for dates)

question

Kangaroo care

answer

occurs when the mother of a lowbirth weight infant spends at least one hour a day holding her infant between her breasts

question

postpartum depression

answer

is a new mothers feeling of saness and inadaquecy in the days and weeks after giving birth.

question

Parent infant bond

answer

strong feelings of attachment between parent and child as parents hold, examine and feed their newborn

question

Fetal Alchol Syndrome

answer

prenatal alcohol exposure , a cluster of birth defects that include abnormal facial characteristics slow physical growth, behavorial problems, and retarded mental developement

question

Teratogens

answer

are agents and conditions such as viruses drugs chemicals extreme stress and malnutrition that can impair prenata developement and lead to birth defects or even death

question

Threshold effect

answer

is the harmful effect of substance that occurs when exposure to it reaches a certain level.

question

norm

answer

is an average or standard measurement calculated for a specific population

question

head sparing

answer

is a biological mechanism in whichthe brain continues to grow even though the body stops growing in a malnourished child.

question

neuron

answer

nerve cell, main component of the central nervous system especially the brain

question

cortex

answer

is the outer layer of teh brain that is involved in most thinking feeling, and sensing.

question

axon

answer

is the nerve fiber tha sends electronic impules from one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons

question

dendrite

answer

is a nerve fiber that recieves the electrochemicl impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons

question

synapse

answer

ist the intersection between the axon of a sending neuron and the dendrites of a receiving neurons

question

neurotransmitters

answer

are chemicals in the brain that carry messages from the axon of a sending neuron to the dendrite of a receiving neuron

question

prefrontal cortex

answer

is the area in the front of the brain that specializes in anticipation planning and impulse control

question

shaken baby syndrome

answer

is a life threatening condition in which blood vessels in an infants brain have been ruptured and neural connections have been broken cuz the infant has been forcefully shaken back and forth

question

REM sleep

answer

is a stage of sleep characterized by flickering eyes behind closed eyelids, dreaming, and rapid brain waves.

question

reflex

answer

is an unlearned, involuntary action or movement emitted in response to a specific stimulus

question

Gross motor skills

answer

are physical abilities that demand large body movements such as walking, jumping,and running

question

fine motor skills

answer

are physical abilities that require precise small movements such as picking up a coin

question

sensation

answer

is the response of a sensory system when it detects a stimulus

question

perceptions

answer

is the mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets it

question

binocular vision

answer

is the ability to focus both eyes in coordinated fashion in order to see one image

question

immunizations

answer

is the process through which the bodys immune system is stimulated to defend against attack by a particular contagious disease

question

Sudden infant death syndrome

answer

is a situation in which a seemingly healthy infanct at least 2 months of age suddely stops breathing and dies unexpectedly in his or her sleep

question

co sleeping

answer

is a custom in which parents and their infants sleep together

question

Piagets stages of sensorimotor intelligence

answer

are based on his cognitvie developement theory that infancts think exclusiviely with their senses and motor skills.

question

Piagets theory of assimulation

answer

...

question

Piagetstheory of accoodation

answer

...

question

Object Permanance

answer

...

question

Little Scientist

answer

...

question

Information processing theory

answer

...

question

visual cliff

answer

...

question

reminder session

answer

...

question

child directed speech

answer

...

question

babbling

answer

...

question

naming explosion

answer

...

question

holophrase

answer

...

question

language acquisition device

answer

...

question

a social smile

answer

...

question

stranger wariness

answer

...

question

self awareness

answer

...

question

trust verus mistrust

answer

...

question

autonomy versus shame and doubt

answer

...

question

social learning

answer

...

question

working model

answer

...

question

ethnotheory

answer

...

question

temperment

answer

...

question

big five

answer

...

question

proximal parenting

answer

...

question

distal parenting

answer

...

question

goodness of fit

answer

...

question

sychrony

answer

...

question

still face technique

answer

...

question

attachment

answer

...

question

secure attachment

answer

...

question

insecure avoidant attachment

answer

...

question

insecure resistant/ambivalent attachment

answer

...

question

disorganized attachment

answer

...

question

strange situation

answer

...

question

social referencing

answer

...

question

Family day care

answer

...

question

Center day care

answer

...

question

Myelination

answer

...

question

corpus collosum

answer

...

question

lateralization

answer

...

question

perservation

answer

...

question

amygadala

answer

...

question

hippocampus

answer

...

question

hypothalmus

answer

...

question

preoperational intelligence

answer

...

question

centration

answer

...

question

Egocentrism

answer

...

question

focus on apperance

answer

...

question

static reasoning

answer

...

question

Irreversibilitity

answer

...

question

conservation

answer

...

question

Vygotsky apprentice in thinking

answer

...

question

vygotsky zone of proximal developement

answer

...

question

scaffolding

answer

...

question

private speech

answer

...

question

social mediation

answer

...

question

theory-thoery

answer

...

question

theory of mind

answer

...

question

fast mapping

answer

...

question

overregularization

answer

o

question

balanced bilingual

answer

...

question

Reggio Emilia approach

answer

...

question

project head start

answer

...

question

injury control

answer

...

question

primary prevention

answer

...

question

secondary prevention

answer

...

question

tertiary preventino

answer

...

question

child maltretment

answer

...

question

child abuse

answer

...

question

child neglect

answer

...

question

subtantiated maltreatment

answer

...

question

permanency planning

answer

...

question

foster care

answer

...

question

kinship care

answer

...

question

Emotional regulation

answer

...

question

initiative versus guilt

answer

...

question

self esteem

answer

...

question

intrinsic motivation

answer

...

question

extrinsicmotivation

answer

...

question

psychopathology

answer

...

question

externalizing problems

answer

...

question

internalizing prolems

answer

...

question

rough and tumble play

answer

...

question

sociodramatic play

answer

...

question

Authoritarian parenting

answer

...

question

permissive parenting

answer

...

question

neglectful univolved parenting

answer

...

question

empathy

answer

...

question

antipathy

answer

...

question

antisocial behavoir

answer

...

question

instrumental aggression

answer

...

question

reactive aggression

answer

...

question

relational aggression

answer

...

question

bullying agression

answer

...

question

psychological control

answer

...

question

timeout

answer

...

question

sex difference

answer

...

question

gender difference

answer

...

question

phallic stage

answer

...

question

oedipus complex

answer

...

question

superego

answer

...

question

electra commplex

answer

...

question

gender schema

answer

...

question

androgyny

answer

...

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