PSY 232 Final - Flashcards

Q: Undernutrition--or not having enough food

compromises children\'s physical development, compromises children\'s social relationships, compromises the ability to play

Q: Why did Erickson label the developmental task of middle childhood \"industry versus inferiority\"?

it\'s the time when we first need to work to be successful

question

Which person is showing prosocial behavior?

answer

Quentin, who goes out of his way to be nice to the new boy in class

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Undernutrition--or not having enough food

answer

compromises children's physical development, compromises children's social relationships, compromises the ability to play

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According to Vygotsky, when a child talks to himself it is ____________ and he is learning to...

answer

normal; control and monitor his behavior

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Marta is 4 years old. According to Susan Carter, Marta is likely to describe herself as:

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the best kid in the world

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Although Sammy was rejected in 4ht grade, he became an incredible success in his 30's. Generalizing from the text, in elementary school, Sammy was MOST likely reject for:

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being different from his classmates

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All of the following Environmental forces promote gender-stereotyped behaviors

answer

diet

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Which 4th grader is LEAST likely to be rejected

answer

Peter, who is instrumentally aggressive, but also socially skilled

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Caroline and Daddy are talking about their trip to the zoo. Daddy asks, "What animals did we see?" "which one had babies?" Caroline is probably roughly:

answer

3 years old

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All are helpful school strategies to help children with ADHD focus except:

answer

Provide the kids with very strict discipline

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Bettina says, "Lindy is my best friend because she's always there when I need to talk to someone." Bettina is probably _________ years old.

answer

10 years old

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False-belif studies show that children

answer

are far less egocentric than Piaget believed

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Why did Erickson label the developmental task of middle childhood "industry versus inferiority"?

answer

it's the time when we first need to work to be successful

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if your 8 eat-old is beginning to make negative comments such as "I'm not that smart or pretty," based on Harter's research, you should conclude that:

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my child is acting normally

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Which example BEST shows Paiget's concept of egocentrism

answer

a child thinks that everything thats in his head, other people automatically know

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Which child is MOST likely to engage inn relational aggression

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a 9 year old

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Children with ADHD have problems with

answer

selective attention, inhibition, executive functions

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the sentence "the boys ran home" contains how many MLUs?

answer

5

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hank has always had high self-esteem. Lately though had begun to make negative comments about himself. Hank is MOST likely ________ years old.

answer

9

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Your daughter gets an A on her science test. According to the research, your response to be:

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Im thrilled because you have been trying so hard!

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based on the text, what trait REALLY makes our species stand out

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having language

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(1)Exploring children's different ideas about the world; (2) getting a general strategy for teaching; (3) figuring out how memory operates. Pick which theorist/perspective provides the best answer in order:

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Piaget; Vygotsky; information processing

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the bottom like message of the bullying discussion is that:

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it exists at every age---because its part of human nature---but we can reduce its frequency, by changing the social norms

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___________ children are most likely to be chronically bullied

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unassertive and/or unusually aggressive

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the mean length of utterance (MLU) refers to the average number of

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morphemes per sentence

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for class you are asked to summarize a few obesity statistics. pick the statement you should NOT make

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obesity rates are starting to decline, for the first time

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If your child tells you I feel totally dumb at school, pick the MOST effective/helpful strategy

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get your child to experience success in some area, and/or to feel good about having really tried

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At what age do children typically really start initiating past-talk conversations

answer

late preschool and/or kindergarten

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According to Susan Carter, how would a 4 year old describe himself?

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my hair is curly

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When are children typically able to produce grammatically correct sentences

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by late elementary school

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Pick the child who is MOST apt to be classified as a bully victim

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a very aggressive, impulsive, unpopular kid

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pick the BEST example of inhibition

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you stop yourself from checking facebook during class

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Pick the best statement about your theory of mind

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you can also make an egocentric mind blind response---if the task is difficult and/pr your are "distracted"

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Pick the best example of gender schema theory

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when Marcie learns she is a girl, she imitates and plays close attention to how her mom and other women dress

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you tell your 3 year old, "don't go outside until mommy says" and later you overhear him saying "make no go outside till mommy says." Based on Vygotsky's ideas about language how should you feel?

answer

Great! He's learning to monitor his behavior and internalize my rules

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Ian loves to pretend with his friends; Carol adores playing soccer. Roughly how old are these children

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5 years old; over age 8

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At what age do we 1st develop the glimmers that other people have different motivations, ideas, or points of view?

answer

in late infancy

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pick the part of the brain that develops last

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frontal lobes

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"I'll go to class today, even though id rather sleep." "i'll conquer my shyness and ask the teacher that question." Pick the correct term for these challenges

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emotion regulation

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all are tip offs that a boy has entered concert operations EXCEPT

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he is more scared of monster than before

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Pick the 5th grader would not be particularly prosocial

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a child who gets extremely upset--or reacts incredibly intensely--when she sees another persons pain

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when your friend sats, "i feel your pain" she is expressing

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empathy

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with regard to studying for this test, pick the examples of using rehearsal, selective attention, and inhibition in order

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you repeat the chapter definitions to yourself, you focus only on material you need to know, you decide to keep studying even though you want to go to that party

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What forces influence when teens make the transition to intercourse (that is, become sexually active)?

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age at reaching puberty, sexual behavior of their friends, media-watching practices

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All these forces helped "make" adolescence a separate life stage expect

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teens understood the world better

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if you attend a US public high school, the HIGHEST status crowds were probably

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the jocks and popular kids

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pick the correct sequence of puberty in boys

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penis development, growth spurt, voice changes

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the bottom line message with regard to the life stage called teenager hood is:

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although prolonging childhood past puberty has issues, our society is blessed to cover young people a full decade insulated from adult life

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As a counselor, your teenage clients regularly report, "my family doesn't know anything about my life" who do you blame for this disconnect

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it could be either the teen and/or the parents fault (or both or neither of them)

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then you enter formal operations we can

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think like true scientists, reason logically about abstract ideas, reason about things that are not real

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people with a positive body image

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relize they may not have perfect bodies but four in their physical attributes, see being beautiful as taking care of your health, have high self esteem and self efficacy

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your text criticism of kohlberg's moral reasoning seal all relate to what measurement concept?

answer

its validity

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you are devising a questionnaire to predict whether a 16 year old girl has made the transition to intercourse. pick the item that should not be on your list

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is this girl watching a lot of TV

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you are devising a questionnaire to predict the risk of eating disorders. which item should NOT be on your list

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it this child doing poorly in school

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you are devising a questionnaire to predict which female elementary schoolers are apt to reach puberty earlier. which should NOT be on your list

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is this child advanced academically

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a mom wants to know whether her daughter has made the transition to intercourse. all are relevant questions to ask EXCEPT

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is your child popular

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which elementary school child is at high risk of ending up in the deviant burn out group in high school

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Joe, who is depressed ( and gets into trouble)

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according to david elkins who do young teens become angry resentful and rebellious

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they are entering formal operations, and so understand the contradictions between what adults say and how they really act

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out brother is entering his teens. statistically speaking you can predict

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he will be more emotional, hr will be happy and upbeat about life, he will make more risks when he is with his friends

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all are tied to reaching puberty at an older age EXCEPT

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being behind intellectually

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Parents/teens conflict tends to reach its peak:

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in the middle of puberty when hormonal changes are at their height

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What is your first tip-off that your daughter may be entering puberty

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a growth spurt

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you can blame the cause if that distressing teenage puberty-acne- on which hormone

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testosterone for bother boys and girls

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which girl will probably be best when her breasts being to develop

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Ursula who is the star dancer at her ballet school

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which teenage stereotype is false

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most teens drink and abuse drugs

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which teenager is buying into the "thin ideal"

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Calista, who is normal weight but feels she is too fat

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statistically speaking which child will reach puberty at the youngest age

answer

an african american child

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above all else what really makes teens feel truly loved

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feeling their parents gave made incredible sacrifices for their well being

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a developmentalist who is specializes in puberty is giving recommendations to the local school board. what statement should he make

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consider keeping preteens in to k-8 schools

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in contrasting bulimia and anorexia dr. scales can make all of these statements except

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bulimia, unlike anorexia, rarely produces health problems

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Josephine is explaining why children in economically deprived neighborhoods join gangs. she might make all of the following comments expect

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the gang offer a chance to be with adults

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a teenager thinks I'm never going to have an accident if i drive drunk--as problems happen to other kids not me. this thought reflects

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personal fable

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why did high school make adolescence a defined life stage

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teens now spent their days together as separate age groups

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during the teenage and early emerging adult years the risk of getting arrested is

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almost 1 in 3

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everyone is watching me and judging me. in Elkind's framework this is a classic example of ________ annd this young person is roughly _________

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adolescent egocentrism; 12 or 13

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a 15 year old was with a group if older boys who broke into a store; one of the older boys show and killed stores owner. given what you m ow about the criminal justice system, the 15 year old

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is at risk of being tried as an adult for accessory to murder

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a mom begin to feel extremely ill at a family part so her husband is driving to the hospital at 90 miles an hour, with their 3 kids in the car. billy says "dad, you can't go this fast. we might be picked up for speeding. Josh says slow down dad. its crucially important no matter what, to obey the law. sarah is furious and yells you guys are crazy! saving mom's ;one is more important than ANY law. Using Kohlberg's categories, pick out each siblings level of moral reasoning

answer

billy----preconventional, josh---conventional, sarah---postconventional

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pick out the main reason why teenage sexually is such a worry today, compared to past centuries

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we now reach puberty a decade or more before we marry and can become parents

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all are consequences specifically of the secular trend except

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girls reach puberty much earlier than boys

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joscasta is reaching puberty. pick an example of a primary and secondary sexual characteristics, in order

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menarche; breast development

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when shelia walks to the lunchroom she thinks that everyone is elevating every movement she makes. according to david elkind, shelia is showing signs of

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the imaginary audience

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pick the correct hormonal sequence that sets off puberty

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hypothalamic hormones, pituitary hormones, estrogene,testotrone

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what helps set off the hypothalamic signal to program puberty

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leptin, life stress. maturation or growth spurt

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if you visited a large high school in western europe you would find

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very similar kinds of crowds as in the US

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sarah is an early maturing girl. what advice would you Not give sarahs mom

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considering moving your daughter to a larger school with older kids

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your cousin is just entering puberty and your aunt asks "when is my daughter likely to get her period

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in the later stages of this process, when the growth spurt is waning and the other changes are well underway

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what is the main reason why high school students are sleep deprived

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the hormones of puberty push teens sleep cycles to later in the evenings, yet they have to get up early to start the school day

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the most vital (and widespread) US program combating stunting and sever food insecurity

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food stamps

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what is the language acquisition device

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the innate ability built into our human genetic code to understand and use language

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all are advantage of breast-feeding except

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it makes mothers slim

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I put an object under a cover and my baby delightedly finds it a few times. then i put it under cover and my baby looks in the first place hiding. What should i think?

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this is normal until children are under 3 years old. it is called permanence

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which social policy effort would probably NOT improve the health of babies

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educating people in the US that its fine to breast feeding in public

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automatic activates NOT programmed by the cortex are called:

answer

reflexes

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which is the correct order of events during labor

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dilation and effacement; birth; explosion of placenta

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with regard to 21 century birth, all are major social issues Except

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disturbing lack of birth options among affluent women

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paige would make all of the following statements about the sensory motor period EXCEPT

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at the end of this stage children are roughly age 4

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james is blind from birth. robert lost his sight in a boating accident at age 16. who might have superior touch sensitives during adult life

answer

James

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in explaining some facts about brain development, you can make all of the following statements except

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each brain region undergoes a phase of intense synaptogenesis, followed by ruining or getting rid of the connections we don't need

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infant directed speech

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promotes early language learning

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edgar asks you "what happens during the embryonic period"? you should answer

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the neural tube, the arms and legs, and the circulatory system are formed and every major body structure too

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choose the correct sequence of events in parental brain development

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neural tube forms; brain cells migrate upward; cells lengthen and form branches

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quickening refers to the first

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time the mother feels the baby move

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link each symptom and emotion to the correct trimester. women may feel incredibly tired, and experience morning sickness; women often feel much better physically and become intensely bonded to the child

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first; second

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the substance taken during pregnancy tend to produce a smaller baby

answer

nicotine

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accord to the fetal programming research, if mom experiences sever poverty while pregnant, the impact on the baby _________

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can be lifelong

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all are true of down syndrome EXCEPT

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these children are almost always severely mentally impaired

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the toxic effect of teratogen is MOST likely to occur during the _______ of development; that is, when a specific system or organ is forming most rapidly

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sensitive period

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a friend has just given birth in the 20th week of pregnancy. what might you be thinking?

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the baby cannot survive

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choose the correct sequence of events during the germinal stage

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fertilization---blastocyst---implantation

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when do we 1st begin to be able to hear and see

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during the later fetal stage (around month 6 or 7)

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pick the correct sequence

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ovulation, fertilization, zygote, blastocyst, impantation

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millential, generation X, baby boomer. all of these refer to our

answer

cohort

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claris tells you "my grandma is old-old" what should you be thinking

answer

women is in her 80's or beyond, this women is more likely to be frail, women is more likely to live in a nursing home

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in collectivist cultures, people:

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tend to live intergenerational extend families

question

according to BF skinner, behaviors that are _______ will be learned

answer

reinforced

question

what is the MAIn difference between psychoanalytic theory and attachment

answer

psychoanalytic theory emphasizes only the role of early experiences (nature) in development, while attachment theorists believe in both nature (early experiences) and nature (biologically programmed responses)

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you might look to attachment theory to best explain which behavior

answer

why people grieve over the death of a spouse

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pick the example of an evocation heredity/environment relationship with a child genetically prone to be grumpy

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a child is temperamentally grumpy, so everyone starts yelling at him, and he gets even grumpier

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the goal of psychoanalytic treatment is

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to foster ego strength, to foster self-awareness, to understand one's childhood motivations and feelings

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piaget studied cognitive development by:

answer

observing and questioning children

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according to the developmental system perspective, it is important to understand the ________ difference forces

answer

interactions

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which research question MUST be tested by a correlational study

answer

determine if parents who frequently hit their children have more aggressive children

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Erickson's MAJOR contributions to the field of human development was:

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spelling out the principe that we develop throughout the lifespan

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as a developmentalist you might study all of these topics EXCEPT

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what drugs work best for heart disease or schizophrenia

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in explaining the attachment response dr. love is likely to make all of the following comments EXCEPT

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it disappears when we reach old age

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bella is pointing up flaws in Bowlby and ainsworth idea's about the infant attachment. she can make all of the following statements EXCEPT

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attachment security in infancy is not important at all

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one vital message of the research following Eastern Europe orphanage is

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babies can recover if they are adopted prior to age 1.5 to 2

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living in poverty

answer

puts caregivers at risk of not being responding sensitively

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all are classic behaviors at age 2 EXCEPT

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not following a pointing finger or looking in the direction of someone's gaze

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if you have an extremely inhibited or exuberant toddler what can you predict about his future

answer

the child will still have the same temperament, but become less "extreme" with age

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the bottom line message of the toddler temperaments discussion is

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fit the environment to a child's temperamental style, what looks like "a problem" in one environment can be a plus in another setting, our basic temperament doesn't totally change

question

predict which insecurely attached baby is MOST at risk for later problems

answer

a 1 year old who reacts in an erratic confused way when reunited with a primary caregiver

question

link the correct attachment style to the following descriptions: (1) thrilled when reunited with a caregiver, (2) confused, erratic response when reunited with a caregiver, and (3) doesn't care when reunited with a caregiver

answer

secure, disorganized, avoidant

question

a temperamentally difficult baby:

answer

may end up having a secure attachment with exceptionally sensitive caregiver

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shyness is

answer

an inborn tendency that can be evident throughout a person's life

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pick the basic message in harlow's findings with motherless monkeys

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physical contact (or love) is a basic human need

question

the bottom line message about later life happens is that

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old age can be happiest life stage, if people are healthy, young-old, and fairly affluent

question

accord to erickson which older adult has reached integrity

answer

ben, who feels he has lived a rich, fulfilled life

question

the bottom line message is that feeling fulfilled in old age depends on

answer

being generative and interested in life

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the late life positivey effect refers to the fact that older people tend to

answer

selectively focus on positive events

question

our memory of the outgoing events in our lives is called _______ memory and is _________ vulnerable to deterioration with age

answer

episodic, most

question

most retired people are

answer

happy if they have absorbing interests, enough money, and freely made that choice

question

according to socioemotional selectivity theory, who would yo find MOST often performing activities they really don't life

answer

a young person

question

on the MOST difficult memory tests, researchers can see losses beginning in our

answer

late 20s

question

which stereotype about older workers is true

answer

older workers are more reliable

question

men are statistically much more likely to die after losing a spouse. the name for this phenomenon is the

answer

widowhood mortality effect

question

the young old are______ and the old old are______

answer

in their 60s and 70, over 80

question

everything else being equal, which elderly adult will be MOST depressed

answer

A 90 year old living in a nursing home

question

in what memory situation are people likely to do MOST poorly

answer

memorizes material while talking on the phone, memorizing material where there is a lot of distracting noise, memorizing material under a time limit

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