Question 1

Between the ages of 2 and 6, a well-nourished child will gain about _____ pounds and grow about _____inches per year.

Accepted Answer

4.5; 3

Question 2

To ensure adequate nutrition and vitamin intake, what is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Eat well-balanced meals with a variety of foods.

Question 3

Kindra, age 4, is very particular about her daily routines, especially at mealtime. She will only eat from a certain plate, drink from one certain cup, and must have a folded napkin next to her plate. She is exhibiting the phenomenon called:

Accepted Answer

\"just right\"

Question 4

A child\'s passion for continuity and sameness is normal at about ____ year(s) of age.

Accepted Answer

3

Question 5

One of the most common diseases of young children in developed nations is:

Accepted Answer

tooth decay

Question 6

An example of a gross motor skill is:

Accepted Answer

hopping on one foot.

Question 7

Preschoolers often have trouble tying their shoelaces because they have inadequate:

Accepted Answer

fine motor skills.

Question 8

Which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is done to limit the damage caused by the injury?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary

Question 9

Many researchers believe that a preschooler with plumbism is prone to:

Accepted Answer

committing violent acts as a teenager.

Question 10

The ability to plan and prioritize appears to be directly related to the development of the ______ cortex.

Accepted Answer

prefrontal

Question 11

The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called:

Accepted Answer

myelination.

Question 12

During a long car trip, Anna and Robert asked \"Are we there yet?\" so many times that their mother began covering her ears. Her children were exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

perseveration.

Question 13

Kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This improvement can be attributed to:

Accepted Answer

the growth of her corpus callosum.

Question 14

The specialization of the functioning of the two halves of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

lateralization.

Question 15

The increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that young children experience:

Accepted Answer

frightening nightmares.

Question 16

Stress can lead to weight gain since having too much cortisol in one\'s bloodstream has been associated with increased abdominal fat. Cortisol is the hormone released by the ________ when a person is stressed.

Accepted Answer

hypothalamus

Question 17

Preoperational intelligence:

Accepted Answer

allows children to think in symbols.

Question 18

Piaget believed that until about age 6, it is difficult for children to think:

Accepted Answer

logically.

Question 19

Ivan was playing under the kitchen table when he stood up suddenly and bumped his head. He pointed at the table and sternly said, \"Naughty table!\" This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

animism.

Question 20

A magician\'s goal is to get the audience to focus on one aspect of his demonstration while he manipulates another. This is easy to do with preoperational children, as they are fooled by their tendency to:

Accepted Answer

demonstrate centration.

Question 21

The Piagetian term for a particular type of centration in which a child thinks about the world only from his or her personal perspective is:

Accepted Answer

egocentrism.

Question 22

A preschool child thinks a tall 20-year-old man is older than a short 40-year-old man. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

focus on appearance.

Question 23

When Jennie sees her third-grade teacher in the grocery store, she is shocked to see her outside of school. This is likely due to Jennie\'s:

Accepted Answer

static reasoning.

Question 24

Jake\'s father takes him to the barber for his first real haircut. At first, Jake is excited, but as soon as the barber makes the first cut in his hair he becomes very upset and tells his father to make the barber stop. In spite of his father\'s efforts to assure Jake that his hair will grow back, Jake is exhibiting the characteristic known as:

Accepted Answer

irreversibility.

Question 25

Four-year-old Jonathan is sitting at the lunch counter next to his sister Erin. They are having hot dogs for lunch. When his mom cuts Jonathan\'s hot dog into five pieces and Erin\'s into six pieces. Jonathan protests, \"Erin has more than me!\" Which ability does Jonathan not yet demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

conservation

Question 26

Researchers now believe that Piaget _______ cognition in infancy and ________ cognition in early childhood.

Accepted Answer

underestimated; underestimated

Question 27

Skills that the child can accomplish with assistance but can\'t yet perform independently are part of:

Accepted Answer

the zone of proximal development.

Question 28

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child:

Accepted Answer

interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task.

Question 29

According to Vygotsky, a teacher who carefully plans each child\'s participation in the learning process within the zone of proximal development uses:

Accepted Answer

scaffolding.

Question 30

Benjy is a preschooler. He can put a dish into the microwave and press the \"2\" button to cook for 2 minutes. One day he sees his mother wipe the front of the microwave with a damp paper towel before she presses a number button. After that, Benjy rubs the front of the microwave with a napkin before he presses the number button. Why?

Accepted Answer

He is overimitating his mom.

Question 31

Preschoolers try to make up a reason for the things that they see and hear. This tendency is known as:

Accepted Answer

theory-theory.

Question 32

A person\'s understanding of the thoughts of other people is called:

Accepted Answer

theory of mind.

Question 33

Only after a child has developed theory of mind can he or she:

Accepted Answer

tell a lie.

Question 34

The underlying factor allowing the development of theory of mind is:

Accepted Answer

maturation of the prefrontal cortex.

Question 35

According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that people have with themselves either silently or aloud is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

private speech.

Question 36

According to Vygotsky, within the context of cognition, language is a tool:

Accepted Answer

to advance thought.

Question 37

A key factor that strengthens a preschooler\'s cognition is:

Accepted Answer

having an older sibling.

Question 38

Research has shown that the development of a theory of mind is suppressed by:

Accepted Answer

watching a lot of TV.

Question 39

When Renee was 11 months old, she was injured in a car crash. She was in a coma for almost a year and then spent many months of recovery from a brain injury. By her third birthday, although she is making good process, she has not yet spoken, and her parents are fearful that she will never speak. The doctors, however, feel confident that Renee will learn speak. This is because language learning in the first four years is NOT a:

Accepted Answer

critical period

Question 40

When children hear a new word in a familiar context, they can simply add the word to the general category without fully understanding the word. This is called:

Accepted Answer

fast-mapping.

Question 41

The structures, rules, and techniques used to communicate meaning in language are called:

Accepted Answer

grammar.

Question 42

\"I catched two mouses in a trap\" is an example of:

Accepted Answer

overregularization.

Question 43

Demetrius\'s family recently immigrated to the United States from the Ukraine. After he attended kindergarten, his parents noticed that his English was more fluent than his native language. Demetrius was exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

a language shift.

Question 44

Preschool programs are called \"child-centered\" when they stress children\'s:

Accepted Answer

development and growth.

Question 45

What was Maria Montessori\'s objective when she created her preschool?

Accepted Answer

individual achievement

Question 46

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on:

Accepted Answer

children\'s creativity and artistic talent.

PSY 205: Chapter 5 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards