PSY 205: Chapter 14 – Flashcards
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The study of population numbers is called:
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demography.
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A problem with the dependency ratio is that it:
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assumes that people over age 64 are dependent.
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What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?
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80 and up
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In developed nations, the most common living arrangement for people over age 65 is living:
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with a spouse or alone.
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What distinguishes the old-old from the young-old?
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reductions in physical or mental ability
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The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that:
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many body functions benefit from use.
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The notion that DNA regulates the aging process is referred to as the:
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genetic clock.
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The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the:
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number of times cells can divide.
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Now that Hank is 75, he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving. For example, he:
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drives more slowly
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For older drivers, which of the variables below is the strongest predictor of a car accident?
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poor peripheral vision
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Delores, age 75, believes her memory is fading with age, and the anxiety this causes her actually diminishes her memory. This is an example of:
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stereotype threat.
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Otto, age 81, just relayed a news story to his friends over coffee, but cannot remember where he heard or read about the tale. Otto has:
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source amnesia.
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A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to:
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inadequate control processes.
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The primary reason older people receive less input into their brains is that:
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their senses decline, reducing the sensory input.
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Ralph was in a minor car accident in the grocery store parking lot. He backed his car into another car that was also backing out of a parking space. The other driver honked but Ralph didn't stop. Why not?
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The honking did not cross his sensory threshold.
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The ability to recall a string of digits backward tends to _____________ with age, while memory for vocabulary tends to _________ with age.
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decrease; stay the same
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One function of working memory is:
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temporary storage of information for conscious use.
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Control processes depend on which part of the brain?
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prefrontal cortex
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Older adults have _________ vocabularies but __________ fluency.
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extensive; limited
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For the average individual in late adulthood, traditional tests of intelligence demonstrate that:
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cognitive abilities decline.
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The changes of primary aging are:
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universal
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Paulo, age 62, has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes. His heart disease is an example of:
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secondary aging.
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Primary and secondary aging combine to make major body systems:
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slower.
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Lionel has two biomarkers that are well outside the normal range. He has had a life filled with financial and familial stress, and has not always handled it well, though he has never smoked. As he ages, we can expect that:
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Lionel's lifelong responses to stress will create a biological burden.
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Between 1997 and 2009, the proportion of U.S. elderly with a limitation in activity that interfered with essential functioning:
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decreased.
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What happens to bones with age?
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They become more porous.
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Approximately what percentage of people between the ages of 60 and 69 have dementia?
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1
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Vera was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease while in middle age. Her doctor told her family that compared to the kind of Alzheimer disease the develops in old age, this version:
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progresses more rapidly.
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In the ______ stage of Alzheimer disease, patients may not eat or talk.
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final
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Vascular dementia is caused by:
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insufficient supply of blood to the brain.
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The main symptom of frontal lobe dementias is:
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personality change.
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After seeing a specialist, Jack started taking a medicine for his heart that led to digestive problems. He saw a different doctor for that issue and was prescribed another drug, which led to headaches. Yet another doctor prescribed another drug for his headaches. Jack has just experienced:
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a prescribing cascade.
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Erikson called elders _______________, as they are both aware of changes between generations and have a broad view of the human experience.
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social witnesses
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Audrey is 85 years old and has begun a life review. Her primary reason for doing this is probably to:
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put her life into perspective.
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A cultural factor that may increase longevity is:
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being integrated into the community.
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In a Swedish study, centenarians were found to be less likely to ___________ than octogenarians.
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take antidepressant medication
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