PSY 160 CH 9 – Flashcards
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1. The period when children's bodies become adultlike is called: a. puberty. b. youth. c. the growth spurt. d. secondary sex development.
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a. puberty.
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2. Menarche is: a. the beginning of growth of the uterus. b. the first ovulation of a mature egg. c. a girl's first menstrual period. d. the first year of menstruation.
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c. a girl's first menstrual period.
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3. For boys, the event that most closely parallels menarche is: a. penis growth. b. spermarche. c. first intercourse. d. pubic hair.
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b. spermarche.
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4. For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age. a. 5; 18 b. 7; 16 c. 8; 14 d. 10; 13
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c. 8; 14
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5. For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: a. menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development. b. nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche. c. the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development. d. the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche.
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b. nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche.
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6. For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs: a. when facial hair first appears. b. after the weight and height spurt. c. following growth of the penis. d. when the final pubic hair pattern is established.
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c. following growth of the penis.
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7. For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: a. growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche. b. growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche. c. spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth. d. initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis.
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a. growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche.
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8. Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called: a. the HPA axis. b. the brain stem. c. hormones. d. adrenal glands.
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c. hormones.
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9. The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's: a. gonads. b. penis or uterus. c. adrenal glands. d. hypothalamus.
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d. hypothalamus.
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10. Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? a. adrenals b. testes c. pituitary d. gonads
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c. pituitary
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11. The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym: a. HAG pathway. b. HAP pathway. c. HPG axis. d. HPA axis.
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d. HPA axis.
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12. What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone? a. human growth hormones b. follicle-stimulating hormones c. gonadotropins d. cortisol
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c. gonadotropins
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13. _____ is the sex hormone secreted in greater amounts by males than females. a. Progesterone b. Testosterone c. Estrogen d. Adrenaline
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b. Testosterone
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14. The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the: a. biorhythm. b. night-day cycle. c. sleep cycle. d. circadian rhythm.
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d. circadian rhythm.
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15. About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes. a. one-half b. two-thirds c. one-fourth d. three-fourths
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b. two-thirds
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16. Which statement is correct? a. There is no correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty. b. There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty. c. There is a correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty only among Native American adolescents. d. There is a negative correlation between body fat and the early onset of puberty.
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b. There is a positive correlation between body fat and early onset of puberty.
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17. Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon? a. secular trend b. evolution c. genetic predisposition d. generational trend
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a. secular trend
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18. Family conflict and stress: a. may cause the early onset of puberty. b. may cause the late onset of puberty. c. typically increase after the onset of puberty. d. typically decrease after the onset of puberty.
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a. may cause the early onset of puberty.
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19. Typically, the adolescent who will probably find puberty MOST difficult is: a. Eric, an on-time maturer. b. Trisha, a late maturer. c. Katie, an on-time maturer. d. Katya, an early maturer.
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d. Katya, an early maturer.
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20. In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with: a. girls choosing to date younger boys. b. girls entering into early, nurturing relationships. c. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys. d. boys becoming leaders in their schools.
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c. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys.
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21. One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's: a. lungs increase in weight by a factor of five. b. heart doubles in size. c. tonsils increase in size. d. skin becomes darker.
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b. heart doubles in size.
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22. Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by: a. increased hormone output. b. increased muscle tissue. c. better digestive processes. d. the growth of the heart and lungs.
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d. the growth of the heart and lungs.
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23. Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should: a. match his projected size for next year. b. cause him maximum exertion. c. match his size from the previous year. d. be doubled each week.
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c. match his size from the previous year.
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24. Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections? a. greater exposure to germs from increased social activity b. the shrinkage of the lymphoid system c. the increase in sex hormones d. the growth spurt
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b. the shrinkage of the lymphoid system
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25. Changes in primary sex characteristics include: a. growth of pubic hair and underarm hair. b. rapid increase in height. c. growth of the uterus or the testes. d. deeper voices.
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c. growth of the uterus or the testes.
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26. Secondary sex characteristics are traits that: a. occur later in development. b. are not visible. c. occur for only some people. d. are not directly related to fertility.
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d. are not directly related to fertility.
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27. Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet? a. magnesium and B vitamins b. iron and calcium c. sodium and potassium d. vitamins A and C
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b. iron and calcium
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28. The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day. a. 1000; 300 b. 1000; 500 c. 1300; 800 d. 1300; 500
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d. 1300; 500
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29. One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is: a. lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition. b. misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food. c. altered taste buds due to hormonal surges. d. body image anxiety.
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d. body image anxiety.
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30. Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds yet when she looks in the mirror, she sees an overweight girl. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty MOST likely suffers from: a. anorexia nervosa. b. a degenerative organ disease. c. anxiety. d. bulimia nervosa.
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a. anorexia nervosa.
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31. During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain. a. prefrontal cortex; limbic system b. limbic system; prefrontal cortex c. prefrontal cortex; amygdala d. cerebellum; amygdala
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b. limbic system; prefrontal cortex
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32. Since adolescents regard themselves as uniquely special: a. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective. b. it is easy for them to envision another person's perspective. c. they embrace many points of view. d. they believe everyone feels what they feel.
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a. it is difficult for them to envision another person's perspective.
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33. In general, adolescent egocentrism refers to the: a. belief that one is destined to have a legendary life. b. notion that one cannot be harmed by unprotected sex. c. viewpoint that everyone else is smarter than oneself. d. view that one is noticed by everyone.
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d. view that one is noticed by everyone.
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34. _____ is the theorist who coined the terms "personal fable" and "invincibility fable." a. Erikson b. Skinner c. Elkind d. Kohlberg
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c. Elkind
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35. Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their: a. personal fable. b. post-operational thought. c. moral reasoning. d. invincibility fable.
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a. personal fable.
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36. Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating: a. the personal fable. b. deductive reasoning. c. self-awareness. d. the invincibility fable.
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d. the invincibility fable.
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37. The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents': a. ability to understand how others perceive them. b. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance. c. constant posing and posturing before mirrors. d. belief that others are spying on them.
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b. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance.
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38. Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence: a. formal operational thought. b. invincibility thinking. c. metacognition. d. concrete operational thinking.
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a. formal operational thought.
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39. In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age: a. 4. b. 7. c. 10. d. 14.
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d. 14.
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40. Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines: a. inductive reasoning. b. perceptual thought. c. hypothetical thought. d. deductive reasoning.
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c. hypothetical thought.
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41. Which term refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions? a. hypothetical reasoning b. inductive reasoning c. deductive reasoning d. adolescent egocentrism
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b. inductive reasoning
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42. Deductive reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning. a. top-down b. theoretical c. concrete d. bottom-up
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a. top-down
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43. Research has shown that adolescents tend to apply formal logic: a. in all situations. b. in very few situations. c. only when encouraged to do so. d. in some situations but not in others.
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d. in some situations but not in others.
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44. Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a gut feeling is referred to as: a. deductive reasoning. b. intuitive thought. c. concrete reasoning. d. analytic thought.
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b. intuitive thought.
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45. Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school are strongly influenced by their: a. career goals. b. level of intelligence. c. middle school experiences. d. hormonal shifts.
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c. middle school experiences.
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46. Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to: a. improve. b. decline. c. remain the same as in elementary school. d. exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling.
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b. decline.
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47. A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in: a. the incremental approach to learning. b. doing homework. c. the entity approach to learning. d. studying for tests.
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a. the incremental approach to learning.
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48. In schools structured so that individuals compete rather than work cooperatively, low-scoring students tend to: a. be highly motivated. b. achieve higher scores as the school year moves on. c. cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning. d. believe in incremental mastery of a subject area.
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c. cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning.
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49. High school guidance counselors in the United States have an average caseload of _____ students. a. 50 b. 100 c. 270 d. 1000
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c. 270
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50. According to the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the countries with the highest math test scores are: a. Greece and Iceland. b. Japan and United States. c. Austria and Italy. d. China and Singapore.
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d. China and Singapore.
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51. The nations with the best PISA results do NOT: a. focus on memorization of math formulas. b. have a culture that strongly values education. c. show respect for the teaching profession. d. place the best teachers with the students who need them most.
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a. focus on memorization of math formulas.
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52. As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing: a. other nations are following suit. b. other nations are moving away from it. c. girls are earning the highest test scores. d. boys are earning the lowest test scores.
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b. other nations are moving away from it.
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53. At what age does the brain become fully mature? a. 12 b. 25 c. 50 d. never
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b. 25
