PSY 160 CH 6 – Flashcards

1. The preeminent psychosocial accomplishment between the ages of 2 and 6 is learning when and how to: a. make friends. b. know right from wrong. c. regulate emotions. d. make choices.

2. An angry 5-year-old girl might stop herself from hitting another child because she has developed: a. social referencing. b. self-esteem. c. identification. d. emotional regulation.

3. Erikson called the psychosocial developmental stage that occurs between 3 and 6 years of age: a. initiative versus guilt. b. industry versus inferiority. c. the preoperational stage. d. autonomy versus inferiority.

4. William is at the toy store and sees a construction set. He asks his dad if he can have it for his birthday. His dad asks him if he thinks he would be able to use it. William reminds his dad that he is good at building with blocks. What does this example demonstrate? a. William's dad's inappropriate questioning of William's initiative b. William's need to prove himself worthy to his father c. William's positive self-concept d. William's sense of shame and doubt

5. Jared, age 5, describes himself as a good soccer player with black hair who laughs a lot. His description demonstrates his developing: a. self-esteem. b. self-concept. c. self-deprecation. d. self-criticism.

6. Two-year-old Julia repeatedly exclaims, "Me do it!" when her mother tries to help her. Although this behavior is frustrating, her mother understands that doing things independently will develop Julia's sense of: a. initiative. b. trust. c. integrity. d. emotional regulation.

7. According to Erikson, children have a. a sense of self-doubt b. a weak self-concept c. strong feelings of guilt d. an unrealistic self-concept

8. Which factor helps a young child to demonstrate initiative as Erikson details it in his third stage of psychosocial development? a. neurological maturity and a longer attention span b. a child's sense of guilt and shame c. a decrease in the child's emotional regulation d. apprenticeship opportunities offered by a child's parents

9. makes children believe that they will be good at anything they try to do. a. Overwhelming pride b. Protective optimism c. Extrinsic motivation d. Intrinsic motivation

10. The desire to pursue a goal that comes from within a person is called: a. extensive motivation. b. extrinsic motivation. c. intrinsic motivation. d. intensive drive.

11. A child having an imaginary friend is an example of: a. self-control. b. intrinsic motivation. c. extrinsic motivation. d. protective optimism.

12. Jaspreet frequently plays the piano whenever her family has guests because she enjoys the praise and attention that she receives. When alone, however, Jaspreet rarely plays the piano. Jaspreet's motivation: a. needs to be reinforced by her parents. b. brings her great pleasure. c. is mostly extrinsic. d. will persist through adulthood.

13. In 1973, Lepper and colleagues conducted an experiment in which children did drawings. Some of the children were promised a reward while others received a surprise reward. The researchers found that the children who received the expected award for drawing: a. had higher levels of self-esteem. b. became adults who were artists. c. demonstrated better emotional regulation. d. were unlikely to draw independently at a later time.

14. Regulation of which emotion is MOST emphasized in the United States? a. anger b. guilt c. fear d. pride

15. Children with a parent who has schizophrenia are likely to: a. struggle with emotional regulation. b. develop a sense of shame. c. experience high levels of pride. d. imitate their parent's mental illness.

16. The clinical term for an illness or disorder of the mind is referred to as: a. psychopathology. b. emotional instability. c. insanity. d. mental disturbance.

17. When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This is an example of: a. an internalizing problem. b. an externalizing problem. c. modulated emotional expression. d. frustration management.

18. are marked by excessive guilt, withdrawal, or fearfulness. a. Extrinsic motivations b. Intrinsic motivations c. Internalizing problems d. Externalizing problems

19. The youngest age at which children are unlikely to throw a temper tantrum is a. 2 b. 4 c. 5 d. 8

20. Girls usually develop emotional regulation a. later than boys. b. at the same age as boys. c. earlier than boys. d. two years before boys.

21. In a study conducted by Zahn-Waxler, et al., 5-year-old girls acted out a disagreement between two female dolls. The researchers discovered that girls who _____were more disruptive at age 9 than other girls. a. quickly engaged in apologetic behavior b. did not quickly engage in apologetic behavior c. made the dolls hit and kick each other d. had the dolls stop speaking to each other

22. Young children usually play best with: a. their peers. b. their parents. c. older children. d. their younger siblings.

23. Which statement is true? a. Parents around the world play with their children regularly. b. The ways children play are identical around the world. c. Children's play reflects their culture's practices and values. d. Children in North American who engage in parallel play are developmentally delayed.

24. Which is NOT one of the types of play identified by Mildred Parten? a. personal play b. associative play c. onlooker play d. parallel play

25. Which is NOT a form of play engaged in by young children in all cultures? a. imitating adults b. drawing c. rough-and-tumble d. flying kites

26. Many developmentalists are concerned that modern children spend too little time: a. playing alone. b. in rough-and-tumble play. c. imitating adults. d. engaged in active play.

27. According to the text, people in_______believe that preschoolers do not need instruction. As a result, their 3-year-old children spend little time engaged in structured learning activities. a. Norway b. Brazil c. Kenya d. China

28. Billy and Rodney are both building with construction bricks. They are sitting apart, each with his own set of bricks. What type of play is this? a. cooperative play b. parallel play c. onlooker play d. solitary play

29. A child's active play during the childhood years correlates with: a. increased competitiveness. b. increased bullying. c. increased aggression. d. peer acceptance.

30. What is one of the functions peers provide in active play? a. competition b. criticism c. reluctant cooperation d. a quiet environment

31. Play that mimics aggression through wrestling, chasing, or grabbing, but is not intended to harm is called a. bullying b. sociodramatic c. parallel d. rough-and-tumble play.

32. Just as monkeys do in their rough-and-tumble play, human children: a. look angry. b. use a play face. c. play hide and seek. d. determine a social hierarchy.

33. Rough-and-tumble play has been associated with the development of the ___area of the brain since it helps children to regulate their emotions, practice social skills, and strengthen their bodies. a. hippocampus b. frontal lobe c. prefrontal cortex d. brain stem

34. Rough-and-tumble play between boys and fathers may prevent a. development of the prefrontal cortex b. the development of imagination c. antisocial behavior d. emotional regulation

35. Tiara, Molly, and Maria are playing dress-up. They are all princesses and have built a castle out of cardboard boxes and colored paper. What type of play are the three girls engaging in? a. bullying play b. sociodramatic play c. parallel play d. rough-and-tumble play

36. According to the text, sociodramatic play may help children to develop: a. theory of mind. b. gross motor skills. c. aggressive tendencies. d. antisocial behavior.

37. Sociodramatic play helps children to develop fury. a. self-control b. gender roles c. private speech d. emotional regulation

38. Diana Baumrind is known for her work on: a. gender roles. b. types of play. c. parenting styles. d. cognitive stages.

39. The four dimensions of a parenting style are warmth, discipline, communication, and: a. physical contact. b. expectations for maturity. c. trust. d. supportiveness.

40. When parents expect unquestioning obedience from their children, their parenting style is labeled: a. tyrannical. b. authoritative. c. dictatorial. d. authoritarian.

41. A parenting style characterized by high parent-to-child communication, low warmth, and high expectations of maturity is: a. authoritarian. b. authoritative. c. permissive. d. neglectful.

42. Jose demonstrates warmth and nurturance towards his children. He does not believe in punishment of any sort and does not have any rules for his children. His parenting style is: a. authoritarian. b. authoritative. c. neglecting. d. permissive.

43. As a father, Aahil rates low on nurturance and communication and high on maturity demands. He exhibits the syle of parenting a. authoritarian b. permissive c. authoritative d. neglecting

44. Authoritarian parents often: a. offer their children a lot of praise. b. allow their children choices c. seem stern to their children. d. make few maturity demands on their children.

45. Abida is a nurturing parent and has good communication with her children whom she never disciplines. Her parenting style is: a. authoritative. b. permissive. c. neglectful. d. authoritarian.

46. Parents who set limits, enforce rules, and listen receptively to their children are exhibiting the pattern of parenting. a. permissive b. authoritarian c. authoritative d. democratic

47. Annelle's usual bedtime is 8:30 P.M., and her parents enforce this rule. One evening, Annelleis watching an educational program that ends at 9 P.M. She asks her parents if she can stay up to watch the end of the show. Her parents agree to let her stay up as long as she gets up in time for school in the morning. Which parenting style are Annelle's parents demonstrating? a. authoritarian b. authoritative c. permissive d. uninvolved

48. Children who lack self-control are most likely to have parents who have the parenting style. a. abusive b. overcontrolling c. authoritarian d. permissive

49. The individual most likely to have grown up with permissive parents is: a. Richard, who is obedient but not very happy. b. George, who is happy and successful. c. Paul, who is unhappy and lacks self-control. d. Peter, who is a gang member and a drug user.

50. The individual most likely to have grown up with authoritative parents is: a. Kelly, who is obedient but not very happy. b. Raquel, who is happy and successful. c. Mary, who is unhappy and lacks self-control. d. Lacey, who is homeless and a drug user.

51. What is a criticism of Baumrind's classification of parenting styles? a. She overlooked the fact that most authoritative parents are lax in discipline. b. She did not realize that many permissive parents love their children. c. She considered children's temperamental differences. d. She focused more on parental attitudes than on daily interactions.

52. Young children tend to learn the most from teachers who use which style? a. authoritative b. authoritarian c. permissive d. neglectful/uninvolved

53. A detailed 2010 study of Mexican-American mothers of preschoolers found that their parenting style was: a. permissive. b. authoritative. c. authoritarian. d. not identified by Baumrind.