question

Which of the following is found to be the least successful coping method for dealing with stress?

answer

Avoidant coping

question

Which of the following is true of the consequences of stress?

answer

Stress produces both biological and psychological consequences.

question

Which of the following refer to unconscious strategies that people use to reduce anxiety by concealing the source from themselves and others?

answer

Defense mechanisms

question

Which of the following is true about problem-focused coping?

answer

Problem-focused coping leads to changes in behavior or to the development of a plan of action to deal with stress.

question

In the psychology of health and stress, Hans Selye is associated with the study of:

answer

the general adaptation syndrome.

question

Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between background stressors and daily hassles?

answer

Background stressors and daily hassles are the same thing.

question

PTSD may result from:

answer

cataclysmic events and severe personal stressors.

question

At which stage of Selye's general adaptation model (GAS) are individuals the most likely to show negative consequences of stress?

answer

Exhaustion

question

Sally was irritated as her cell phone got switched off due to low battery. This is an example of a _____.

answer

background stressor

question

Which of the following sequences best captures the "stress cycle," from the beginning to the end of one cycle?

answer

Stressor → stress → coping → adaptation

question

Which of the following is true of resilience?

answer

Resilience results in the release of the hormone cortisol which is helpful in responding to challenges, although too much can produce damage.

question

Susan has been working tirelessly for the past few weeks due to tight deadlines. She is also being pressurized by her parents to get married and settle in life. Susan is stressed and has been detected with high blood pressure, skin rashes, and fatigue. She is in a helpless state and thinks her life is messed up. Susan is suffering from a(n) _____.

answer

psychophysiological disorder

question

The strategy of preparing for stress before it happens is termed _____ coping.

answer

proactive

question

Which of the following is true of stress?

answer

The greater the number of uplifts we experience, the fewer the psychological symptoms we report later.

question

Which stage of the general adaptation syndrome model is correctly matched with an example?

answer

Exhaustion—coming down with a bad cold the day after you hand in that political science paper

question

Vivian always makes sure that he submits his class assignments before anybody else does. Also, he aims at getting the highest score among his classmates. Vivian has a _____ behavior pattern.

answer

Type A

question

Which of the following behavior types is correctly matched with an adjective?

answer

Type B: cooperative

question

The key component of the Type A behavior pattern, hostility, is highly toxic because it:

answer

produces excessive physiological arousal in stressful situations.

question

The _____ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven.

answer

Type A

question

Patrick is a typical Type B personality. Patrick would be characterized by _____ behavior.

answer

nonaggressive

question

Which of the following are strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once?

answer

Cataclysmic events

question

Wishful thinking and the use of drugs exemplify the use of _____ coping.

answer

avoidant

question

Dr. Alastair examines the relationship among psychological factors, the immune system, and the brain. Dr. Alastair is a:

answer

psychoneuroimmunologist.

question

Eve was stressed as she had got transferred to Italy. She decided to look at the brighter side of her relocation by telling herself that it will be a new experience, that she will be able to meet different people, and see new places. Eve is observing _____ coping.

answer

emotion-focused

question

"Don't wait for the storm to pass—learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office. This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness.

answer

challenge

question

Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are termed:

answer

coping.

question

Stress may impair our production of disease-fighting white blood cells called:

answer

lymphocytes.

question

Faced with overlapping, unrealistic deadlines at work, Ivan recruits his friends to perform some of the routine clerical tasks associated with the projects. Ivan is engaged in _____ coping.

answer

problem-focused

question

Owen is a Type B personality. Owen would be characterized by _____ behavior.

answer

noncompetitive

question

According to the World Health Organization, about what percentage of the world's population will die as a result of smoking?

answer

10%

question

The component of the Type A pattern most strongly linked to coronary heart disease is that of:

answer

hostility.

question

The number of hassles people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of such problems as the flu, a sore throat, and backaches. The number of uplifts people experience is _____ correlated with the frequency of these sorts of problems.

answer

positively; negatively

question

Agreeing with the statement: "Sometimes I feel like I can't do anything about my life" would reflect which of the following?

answer

Learned helplessness

question

Which category of stressor is correctly matched with an example?

answer

Personal stressor—being fired

question

In the long term, the most effective means of reducing smoking may be:

answer

changes in societal norms and attitudes toward the habit.

question

The _____ behavior pattern is characterized by a patient and nonaggressive manner.

answer

Type B

question

Which of the following is true of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

answer

In some cases, exhaustion allows people to escape a stressor.

question

Annie is a Type A individual. She would be characterized by _____ behavior.

answer

hostile (stop for quiz A-44qstions)

question

Overall, the set point for happiness is _____ and it is determined:

answer

relatively high; at least partly by genetics

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding male and female physicians' communication with their patients?

answer

Female physicians provide more patient-centered communication than do male physicians.

question

Which of the following is true about happiness?

answer

Generally, money does not buy happiness

question

Most people think that they are _____ famous people like Oprah Winfrey.

answer

happier than

question

Which of the following accurately describes the sequence of stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

answer

Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

question

The body system that plays the greatest role in Selye's GAS is called the

answer

hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.

question

There is a distinct physiological pattern that emerges when people are exposed to strong and prolonged stress. Hans Selye labeled this response pattern the

answer

general adaptation syndrome.

question

Who is experiencing the benefits of social support?

answer

Ava joined a weight-watchers club.

question

You walk into your biology class and unexpectedly see a quiz waiting for you on your desk. If you are not prepared for the quiz, you are likely to experience the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

alarm

question

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the preliminary hypotheses in regards to the relationship between stress and the immune system?

answer

Stress directly promotes disease-producing processes.

question

The general adaptation syndrome refers to the

answer

body's response to stressors.

question

Jeanne only drinks alcohol when she is playing bridge with her friends. Her motive for drinking would be characterized as

answer

social

question

Which statement is NOT correct concerning the relationship between the immune system and stress?

answer

Acute stressors produce enhanced immune system functioning.

question

Jennie's father comes home after a long day of work and has a couple of strong drinks to help him relax. His motive for drinking would be characterized as

answer

coping.

question

Katie has been diagnosed with breast cancer and is under significant stress. She is now undergoing a series of chemotherapy treatments to attempt to treat the cancer. According to Selye, Katie is in the ________ stage of GAS.

answer

resistance

question

If Jason decides that the snake he sees is dangerous, he has made a

answer

cognitive appraisal.

question

Smoking contributes to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

death from accidents.

question

A(n) ________ activity is defined as one that increases heart rate and lung functioning.

answer

aerobic

question

A fundamental premise of the general adaptation syndrome is that

answer

a stressor produces the same physical symptoms in all people.

question

A person who tries to quit smoking "cold turkey" is

answer

trying to stop without making any major lifestyle changes.

question

Identify the correct statement relating to happy people.

answer

Happy people like to be around other people.

question

Macy is about to try to quit smoking. We can predict that she will

answer

relapse several times before successfully quitting.

question

Based on the text, which of these is an accurate description of the relationship between stress and the immune system and cancer?

answer

The physiological effects of stress inhibit immune responses to cancer.

question

Lifestyle choices, behaviors, and psychological characteristics are the main focus of ________ psychology.

answer

health

question

According to the text, a key element in predicting whether Barry will change his drinking behavior is

answer

how ready he is to change the behavior.

question

Researchers have found that the most effective component of weight-loss programs is

answer

regular exercise.

question

According to the general adaptation syndrome, possible serious biological damage may occur during the ________ stage.

answer

exhaustion

question

Shirley is talking to a group of third graders about the importance of drinking plenty of water every day. She is focused on

answer

health promotion.

question

Mark is excited about the big presentation he is going to give the board of directors this morning. Although he stayed up most of the night perfecting the presentation, he feels energized and ready to go. Mark is exhibiting

answer

hardiness.

question

Tim was told by his doctor that if he did not stop eating fast foods, he would turn diabetic and obese. This is an example of a _____ health message.

answer

negatively

question

Andrew was told by his physician that he would be able to control his diabetes if he controls his diet and avoids the use of sugar in his diet. Andrew was given a(n) _____ framed health message by his physician.

answer

positively

question

Most individuals in the United States would rate themselves as:

answer

pretty happy

question

With respect to gender differences in happiness, which of the following statements is most accurate?

answer

Men and women are made happy by most of the same things.

question

Which of the following statements about optimism and coping is FALSE?

answer

Optimists avoid paying attention to news that is negative.

question

Rosemary is interested in studying the relationships between emotion, the nervous system, and the immune system. She would be most interested in the field of

answer

psychoneuroimmunology.

question

Josh was just in an automobile accident. The first thing he does is call his insurance company and begin the claim process. Josh is engaging in ________ coping.

answer

problem-focused

question

If you are managing your problem as opposed to confronting your problem, you are engaged in ________ coping.

answer

emotion-focused

question

Twenty-year-old Shynara has been smoking since she was 12 and wants to quit.While no method is foolproof, the most successful avenue for breaking the addiction is often

answer

a combination of methods.

question

Ryan is sad because his girlfriend just broke up with him. Ryan's father assures him that he has lots of desirable traits and that he will be OK. Ryan's father is primarily providing what kind of social support?

answer

Emotional support

question

In which of the following situations might emotion-focused coping be most beneficial?

answer

After your dog dies

question

Linda was suffering from an eye infection. Her doctor prescribed her eye drops that she had to use 4 times a day, and advised her to apply warm compresses 5 times every day. The doctor also asked her to avoid using eye makeup. However, Linda used the solution only once a day and rarely applied warm compresses to her eye. She also continued to use eye makeup. Linda is practicing:

answer

creative nonadherence.

question

After a long week of final exams is over, many students end up getting sick the following week. This is most likely an illustration of the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

exhaustion

question

Maurice is desperately attempting to study for his first test in psychology. However, the book store has run out of textbooks. He loaned his notes to the good-looking girl who sits behind him, and she has not returned them. The test is scheduled for tomorrow morning and he has a headache. Maurice is experiencing

answer

stress

question

Who is NOT engaged in what psychologists refer to as health behaviors?

answer

Jim is studying his history notes.

question

The level of subjective well-being is very stable because:

answer

people have a general set point for happiness.

question

Preventive health behavior is best motivated by _____ framed messages; behavior leading to the detection of a disease is best motivated by _____.

answer

positively; negatively framed messages

question

After studying all week for final exams, eating poorly, and not getting enough sleep, Shelly woke up the day after her last exam with the flu. She is in which stage of the GAS?

answer

Exhaustion

question

Yolanda is taking the "cold turkey" approach to stopping her drinking habit. This means that she is

answer

not taking another drink of alcohol.

question

Which individual will cope most successfully with stress?

answer

Tara exercises regularly.

question

Blythe takes the medication prescribed by her doctor. However, she takes an increased dose and combines the drug with other medications based on her past experience. Blythe is practicing:

answer

creative nonadherence.

question

Which of the following is true of physicians' communication with their patients?

answer

Patients may be reluctant to volunteer information that might cast them in a bad light.

question

A surge in ________ caused by severe emotional distress may contribute to one's risk of a heart attack.

answer

adrenaline

question

Who is most likely going to achieve his or her desired weight loss?

answer

Stan wants to make the track team.

question

A situation, circumstance, or event that challenges the individual and requires some form of coping mechanism best defines the term

answer

stressor.

question

Happy people:

answer

hold moderately inflated views of themselves.

question

Identify the correct statement with regard to happiness of people.

answer

Few differences exist between members of different demographic groups.

question

When a rat is first introduced to an overcrowded cage, it will likely enter the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

answer

alarm

question

A study conducted by Lehman and Taylor reports that California students living in dormitories unlikely to withstand an earthquake were more likely to doubt earthquake predictions than were students living in safer structures. This example best illustrates:

answer

a defense mechanism.

question

Which of the following is true about the general adaptation syndrome?

answer

The first stage of the general adaptation syndrome is known as the alarm and mobilization stage.

question

Smoking is the number _____ preventable cause of death in the United States; one in _____ deaths in the United States is/are caused by smoking.

answer

one; five

question

The Type A and Type B behavior patterns are best seen as:

answer

ends of a continuum.

question

"Don't wait for the storm to pass—learn to dance in the rain," exhorts an inspirational poster you notice in an office. This quote most directly relates to the _____ component of hardiness

answer

challenge

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