PSY 101 Ch. 12 – Flashcards
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Although Rolf frequently cheats on classroom tests, he justifies his behavior by erroneously thinking that most other students cheat even more than he does. His mistaken belief best illustrates
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self-serving bias.
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Social cues are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ settings, and personality traits are especially likely to influence our behavior in ______ situations.
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unfamiliar; informal
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Compared with those who made a purchase choice from among 30 different brands of jam or chocolate, those who chose from among just 6 brands expressed
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more satisfaction with their choice.
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Humanistic theorists have been criticized for
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underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors.
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Mrs. Sunstedt believes that parents should accept and try to understand their children's feelings and should honestly disclose their own inner feelings to their children. Her approach to parent-child interaction was most explicitly recommended by
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Rogers.
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A refusal to believe direct and highly credible evidence that your spouse is suffering a terminal illness best illustrates
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denial.
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Freud suggested that the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct pleasure-sensitive areas of the body known as
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erogenous zones.
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Studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion. This should make psychologists more cautious about overestimating the impact of ________ on behavior.
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personality traits
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The parallel processing of distinctive dimensions of a visual scene such as movement, color, and shape best illustrates the importance of
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unconscious thought.
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In every one of 53 countries surveyed, people typically expressed self-esteem above the midpoint of the most widely used self-esteem scale. This best illustrates the pervasiveness of
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self-serving bias.
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Which theorist emphasized that an individual's personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic?
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Rogers
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The defense mechanism by which people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called
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projection.
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Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as
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denial.
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The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as
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the Barnum effect.
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Carl Rogers referred to an attitude of total acceptance toward another person as
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unconditional positive regard.
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Freud referred to the largely conscious "executive" part of the personality as the
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superego.
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Sexually active undergraduate women who do not consistently use contraceptives often perceive themselves as less vulnerable to unwanted pregnancy than do other undergraduate women. This best illustrates
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unrealistic optimism.
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Unlike country, pop, and religious music lovers, those who prefer classical, jazz, blues, and folk music tend to score high on the Big Five trait dimension known as
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openness.
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Sasha believes that the questions on school tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates
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an external locus of control.
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Compared with those who perceive an external locus of control, people who perceive an internal locus of control are more likely to
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effectively delay gratification of their impulses.
