Psch101 Chpt8 – Flashcards
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According to Piaget,_________ is a plan of action, based on previous experiences, to be used in similar circumstances.
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A scheme
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According to Piaget,_________ is the realization that objects continue to exist even when they can no longer be perceived.
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Object Performance
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The acquisition of symbolic function is first demonstrated in the __________ stage.
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Preoperational
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Piaget's concept that a given quantity of matter remains the same despite being rearranged or changed in appearance, as long as nothing is added or taking away, defines________.
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Conservation
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If Lev Vygotsky were in the room talking about his theory, which of the following terms might you here him say_______?
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Private Speech
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In which stage do infants learn that the world is a safe place and people can be trusted?
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Basic trust vs. Mistrust
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The period of the zygote begins with ____ and ends with ______, which takes about___.
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Conception; implantation into the uterine wall; two weeks
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_____ are defined as built-in responses to certain stimuli that neonates need to ensure survival in their new world.
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reflexes
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Which of the following is true regarding research by Gibson and Walk (1960) using the visual cliff?
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Gibson and Walk demonstrated that most babies displayed depth perception by the time they could crawl.
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Dustin is a child who never seems to eat or sleep on schedule. He is described as an "intense" kid by his parents and is often irritable. Based on this information, what type of temperament does Dustin likely have?
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Difficult
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______ is defined as as the strong affectionate bond a child forms with the mother or primary caregiver.
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Attachment
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Sixteen-month-old Nina cries and appears distressed when her parents leave her with the babysitter she has known since she was born. Nina is demonstrating?
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Separation Anxiety
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In which of the following stages of psychosocial development do toddlers learn to excerpt their independence?
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autonomy vs. shame and doubt
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which of Erikson's stages goes hand-in-hand with children aged 6 to about puberty?
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industry vs. inferiority
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according to Erikson, searching for one's identity begins in_______ with the _________ stage.
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adolescence; identity vs. role confusion
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Stuart is beginning the process of trying to answer these questions: Who am I? What am I all about? What do I stand for? What are my values? Stuart is likely experiencing a(n)______ which occurs in the _______ stage of psychosocial development.
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identity crisis; vs. role
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Although Vincent is now an adult, he feels as if he never really got a chance to find himself as an adolescent. He feels that he has no sense of who he is and what he stands for. He feels as if he missed out on the crucial time in development where that identity crisis is resolved. To which of Erikson's stages is Vincent likely referring?
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identity vs. role confusion
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Feeling the need to mentor or create something worthy for the next generation is the objective in the ______ stage.
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generativity vs. stagnation
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_______ is the process of learning socially acceptable behaviors, attitudes, and values.
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Socialization
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Which of the following is false? A) teens with permissive parents were more likely to use alcohol and drugs and have conduct problems. B) Most adolescents have good relationships with their parents. C) Teens with authoritarian parents experienced less self-reliance and self-confidence adolescence. D) Research shows that the authoritarian parenting style during adolescence is the least effective type of parenting.
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D)
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According to the text, which of the following events seems to be the MOST stressful in the lives of older adults?
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death of a spouse
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When Magglio goes into Starbucks, he knows how to order his favorite drink: a tall, nonfat latte with an extra shot of espresso. First he indicates the size he wants, then the drink, then anything extra. Magglio has _______ for ordering coffee at Starbucks, which he can use for any coffee house he visits.
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a scheme
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making promises to do good things in exchange for a longer life is demonstrated in the _____ stage of death and dying.
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bargaining
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What is anxiety disorder?
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Characterized by frequent fearful thoughts about what might happen in the future
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What is a panic disorder?
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people experience recurring, unpredictable episodes of overwhelming anxiety, fear or terror
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Fabio is presenting a project on why he is so perfect. He is presenting to his first grade class. During the presentation Fabio begins to sweat, shake, and shutter to the point of no longer being understood. Which anxiety disorder does Fabio have?
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Social Phobia
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At an early age, Sue always thought that she was one of the guys. So, as she got older, she started dressing and acting like a guy. Which sexual disorder is this?
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Gender identity disorder
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Bill and Ted have known each other since the 6th grade. Bill would never be friends with Ted because he feels that Ted is hard to get along with and always blames everything on him even when he did nothing wrong. What type of disorder is this?
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Personality
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______ are disorders in which physical symptoms are present that are due to psychological causes rather than any known medical condition.
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Somatoform
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Sally, a cheerleader, quit the team after she broke up with her boyfriend, which caused her to experience extremely low moods. This is an example of?
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Major Depressive disorder
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Tommy wakes up at 2:00am and randomly decides to go to the casino and put his life savings on one color; this is a symptom of bipolar disorder.
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True
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Depression is more common in males than in females.
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False
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The most common form of Schizophrenia is disorganized
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True
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What type of schizophrenia is where patients become frozen in an unusual position for hours at a time?
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Catatonic
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A negative symptom of schizophrenia causes loss of motivation, childlike silliness, and very limited speech
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True
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people with _______ feel an overwhelming sadness, despair, and hopelessness
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major depressive disorder
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_______ of people with bipolar disorder return to a state of emotional stability.
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70%-80%
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Suicide rates are higher for:
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White Americans compared to African Americans
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What are the causes of Schizophrenia?
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Biological and Environmental
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What are the four types of schizophrenia?
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Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, and undifferentiated
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What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Hallucinations, delusions of grandeur, delusions of persecution
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Conversion disorder is a loss of motor or sensory functioning in some part of the body which is not due to a physical problem, but which _______.
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solves a problem
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A dissociative identity has more than ______% of cases with over 10 different personalities.
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50
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Cluster "C" categories are characterized by
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Intense feelings of anxiety
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________ is an intense fear of being in a situation from which an individual feels that escape is impossible
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Agoraphobia
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Every morning when Sally has to decide on an outfit for the day, she experiences an overwhelming feeling of terror. Sally may be suffering from
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Panic disorder
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A woman who cannot stand the feeling of clothing against her skin, takes hours everyday to get dressed and even struggles with wearing undergarments is likely suffering from
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Obsessive-Compulsive-Disorder
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The symptoms of major depressive disorder consist of losing appetite, weight, or sleeping patterns
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True
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When a person experiences bipolar disorder, they go through manic episodes. What do these consist of?
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Lose touch with reality
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What race and gender group have the highest suicide race?
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African American Males
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Which gender is more likely to have Schizophrenia
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Male
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Which symptom is associated with catatonic schizophrenia?
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Complete stillness
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Positive symptoms of schizophrenia are the abnormal behaviors, whereas the negative symptoms include a loss of deficiency in thoughts
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true
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How many clusters of personality disorders are there?
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3
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When diagnosed with a dissociative identity disorder a person has _____ or more unique personalities
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2
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What kind of disorder is hypochondriasis?
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Somatoform
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What are the major types of anxiety disorders?
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Panic disorders
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An irrational urge to perform an act or ritual repeatedly would describe
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Compulsion
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general anxiety disorders and social phobias are manifestations of which of the big five personality traits?
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Neuroticism
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The process by which humans detect visual, auditory, and other stimuli is known as
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Sensation
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The process of organizing and interpreting the information gathered through vision, hearing, and the other senses is known as
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perception
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The _________ ____________ is the minimum amount of stimulus that can be detected 50% of the time.
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absolute threshold
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The ________ ____________ is a measure of the smallest change in a stimulus required for a person to detect a change in the stimulus 50% of the time.
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difference threshold
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Joe installed an in ground pool last spring, although his wife thought he was crazy to do so when it was still cool outside. The first day it seemed a little warm joe jumped in the new pool, but soon he realized just how cold the water really was. As he continued to "enjoy" the water, it seemed to become less cold and even comfortable. This was probably due to a process called.
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sensory adaptation
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The half-time show at a football game involved a hundred people marching on the field- all in different colored uniforms. Then they took on a formation and suddenly all the red uniforms spelled out the initials of the home team. Gestalt psychologists would suggest that the principle of ________ explains why fans could read the initials.
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Similarity
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Which of the following is not a Gestalt principle of grouping? -closure -similarity -constancy -proximity
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constancy
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Lines of the same length with diagonals at their ends pointing in or out appear to be of different lengths because of the _______ illusion
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Muller-Lyer
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Bottom up processing is to ______ stimuli as top-down processing is to ________ stimuli
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unfamiliar;familiar
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Most Psychologists think that.....
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the brain is capable of perceiving stimuli presented below the threshold of awareness.
