Question 1

Which of the following best describes how Cattell contributed to the trait approach.

Accepted Answer

Cattell took previously collected adjectives that describe personality and participants were rated on each trait. Factor analysis was used to cluster and make connections between the traits.

Question 2

Dominant people tend to

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 3

\"Zero Acquaintance\" is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

Observing someone who has never interacted with the observer.

Question 4

Eysenck\'s big three categories are a combination of factors outlined by what other psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Cattell

Question 5

According to Cattell, L-data are

Accepted Answer

life data.

Question 6

Which is NOT a characteristic of traits as defined by Allport?

Accepted Answer

All (the above) are characteristics.

Question 7

Which concept would Allport be most likely to address with his approach to the study of personality?

Accepted Answer

cross-situational consistency of behavior

Question 8

The idea of \"social\" or \"emotional\" intelligence combines

Accepted Answer

nonverbal social skills and nontraditional intelligence.

Question 9

Q-data and L-data refer to

Accepted Answer

Questionnaire-data and Life-data.

Question 10

Cattell named his 16 personality factors with letters of the alphabet because

Accepted Answer

he didn\'t want people to be biased by the names.

Question 11

Personal dispositions that greatly influence behavior are termed

Accepted Answer

cardinal dispositions.

Question 12

\"Heidi is aggressive and extroverted.\" This statement describes Heidi in terms of

Accepted Answer

traits.

Question 13

Which factor in the Five Factor Model is the source of most controversy?

Accepted Answer

openness

Question 14

Which of the following criticisms of the trait approach to personality is(are) addressed by Allport\'s work?

Accepted Answer

People\'s behavior varies from situation to situation, so speaking of consistent traits that cause behavior is groundless.

Question 15

Allport was concerned with issues of

Accepted Answer

prejudice.

Question 16

Peer-ratings of personality tend to be

Accepted Answer

more accurate than stranger-ratings.

Question 17

Functional Equivalence is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

Many situations are viewed by people as similar in meaning, so they respond similarly; the trait is the internal structure that causes this regularity.

Question 18

According to Allport, traits

Accepted Answer

are consistent and stable properties; behavior varies and changes over time and across situations.

Question 19

If five people agree that Carol is extroverted, this means

Accepted Answer

either A or B could be true.

Question 20

Individuals who are Open to Experience tend to be

Accepted Answer

creative.

Question 21

The founder of a motive-based study of personality was

Accepted Answer

Murray.

Question 22

Having good __________ has been called \"personal intelligence.\"

Accepted Answer

emotional and nonverbal abilities

Question 23

Which of the following traits is most difficult to measure?

Accepted Answer

openness

Question 24

While the sanguine humor was considered __________ the phlegmatic was considered __________.

Accepted Answer

cheerful; apathetic

Question 25

Becky is an excellent figure-skater -- in fact she may be eligible for the next Olympic Games. Becky is certainly high in __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

bodily-kinesthetic

Question 26

Of the following, which make up Eysenck\'s \"big three\"?

Accepted Answer

neuroticism, extroversion, and psychoticism

Question 27

A trait approach to personality is primarily focused on

Accepted Answer

the characteristics of the person.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five?

Accepted Answer

pessimism

Question 29

One characteristic that differentiates Eysenck\'s conceptualization of the major traits from the Big Five approach is that Eysenck attempts to take into account

Accepted Answer

underlying biological influences.

Question 30

Carl Jung\'s definition of extraversion included

Accepted Answer

a focus on things outside the self.

Question 31

Eysenck would combine Cattell\'s factors of outgoingness and assertiveness and call this

Accepted Answer

extroversion.

Question 32

Who is the founder of the motive-based study of personality?

Accepted Answer

Henry Murray

Question 33

What is Q-data?

Accepted Answer

Data gathered from self report and questionnaires

Question 34

Charismatic people often tend to be

Accepted Answer

emotionally expressive.

Question 35

Which is NOT a positive (useful) aspect of the Five Factor Model of personality?

Accepted Answer

It is a basic phenomenon to be explained.

Question 36

According to R. McCrae and O. John, the Big 5 factors of personality are

Accepted Answer

extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness.

Question 37

According to Murray, a person\'s \"Basic Needs\" include

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Question 38

What is NOT one of the ways the big five traits can be used to categorize people?

Accepted Answer

Help with categorizing all people into 5 predetermined \'personality profiles\'

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT one of the big five traits?

Accepted Answer

Curiosity

Question 40

Jung helped launch trait approaches beginning with the study of what?

Accepted Answer

Introversion and extroversion

Question 41

The behaviorist work of Skinner particularly bothered

Accepted Answer

Allport.

Question 42

According to __________, it would be important to understand the origins of motivations or strivings.

Accepted Answer

Freud

Question 43

Individuals who are Neurotic tend to be

Accepted Answer

high-strung and tense.

Question 44

Who referred to personality as the \"dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristic behavior and thought\"?

Accepted Answer

Allport

Question 45

The two traits that Jung discussed were

Accepted Answer

extraversion and introversion.

Question 46

Cattell used __________ to organize adjectives into trait-categories.

Accepted Answer

factor analysis

Question 47

Recent research suggests that American college students are becoming more

Accepted Answer

extroverted.

Question 48

Need for power (n Power) is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

All of the Above.

Question 49

The Big Five refers to

Accepted Answer

five broadly defined personality traits.

Question 50

The essence of Allport\'s trait approach is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

A trait is an internal structure that causes different stimuli to appear to be equivalent in their meaning thus leading people to react to situations that appear to be similar in similar ways.

Question 51

In a situation where an expressive person is trying to hide his or her emotions and an unexpressive person is acting naturally,

Accepted Answer

generally, the expressive person still shows more emotion.

Question 52

Which of the following describes one possible strength of the trait and skills approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

It simplifies personality to a small number of basic principles.

Question 53

Gordon Allport\'s definition of personality states that personality is \"A dynamic organization.\" By this he means

Accepted Answer

The organization of personality traits interact with environmental stresses in a dynamic, fluid manner to determine an individual\'s behavior.

Question 54

Allport\'s \"common traits\" are traits

Accepted Answer

that many people share.

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