Prokaryotic – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Prokaryote Cells |
answer
|
question
| What are the charateristics of bacteria |
answer
|
question
| Monomorphic |
answer
| shape doesn't change |
question
| Pleomorphic |
answer
| Shape may change |
question
| What are the 3 types of basic shape of bacteria |
answer
|
question
| Types of Coccus |
answer
|
question
| Diplococci |
answer
| Remain in pairs after dividing |
question
| Streptococci |
answer
| attached in chainlike patterns |
question
| Tetrad |
answer
| divide in two planes and remain in groups of four |
question
| Sarcinae |
answer
| divide in three planes remain attached in cubelike groups of eight. |
question
| Staphylococci |
answer
| divide in multiple planes and form grapelike clusters |
question
| Types of Bacillus |
answer
|
question
| Single Bacillus |
answer
| single rods |
question
| Diplobacilli |
answer
| rods in pairs |
question
| Streptobacilli |
answer
| rods in chains |
question
| Coccobacillus |
answer
| oval and look like cocci |
question
| Types of Spiral bacteria |
answer
Have one or more twists
|
question
| Spirillum |
answer
| helical shape and are rigid |
question
| Vibrio |
answer
| curved rods |
question
| Spirochete |
answer
|
question
| What type of bacteria caused the Antrax virus |
answer
| Bacillus Subtilis |
question
| Arrangements |
answer
|
question
| Pilus |
answer
| Use to transfer DNA horizontally(within the same generation) and assists w/ attachments to surfaces. |
question
| Fimbriae |
answer
| Main job is attachment |
question
| Glycocalyx |
answer
|
question
| Flagella |
answer
|
question
Gram Positive Bacteria
|
answer
|
question
| Gram Negative Bacteria |
answer
|
question
| Peptidoglycan |
answer
|
question
| Arrangements of Bacterial Flagella |
answer
|
question
| Motile Cells |
answer
| Rotate flagella to run or tumble |
question
| Peritrichous |
answer
| Evenly Distributed Flagella |
question
| Monotrichous |
answer
| A single Flagella |
question
| Lophotrichous |
answer
| 2 or more on one end |
question
| Amphitricous |
answer
| 1 on each end |
question
| Taxis |
answer
| movement of bacteria from or away from stimuli |
question
| Axial Filaments or Endoflagella |
answer
|
question
| Fimbriae |
answer
| Allows attachment to ach other or surfaces |
question
| Pili (Pilus) |
answer
Facilitates transfer of DNA from one cell to another
|
question
| Types of Motility Associated w/ Pili |
answer
|
question
| Cell Wall (Prokaryotes) |
answer
|
question
| Polypeptides |
answer
| Peptidoglycan in Gram Positive bacteria is linked by Polypeptides (Peptide portion of peptidoglycan) |
question
| Types of Teichoic Acids in Gram Positive Cell Walls |
answer
|
question
| Teichoic Acids |
answer
May regulate movement of cations and Polysaccharides provide antigenic variation
|
question
| Gram Negative Outer Membrane |
answer
|
question
| O Polysaccharide |
answer
| Antiagen Ex E. Coli O157:H7 |
question
| Lipid A |
answer
| Is an endotoxin |
question
| Porins |
answer
| (proteins) from channels thru membranes |
question
| The Gram Stain Mechanism |
answer
Crystal violet is applied then Iodine and as a result large crystals are formed
In Gram Positive Alcohol is used to dehydrate the peptidoglycan as a result crystals do not escape
In Gram Negative Alcohol dissolves the outer membrane leaving holes in Peptidoglycan and crystals escape |
question
| Thick Peptidolycan Layer Makes |
answer
| For small pores which retains capsules |
question
| Thin Peptidoglycan Layer Makes |
answer
| For Large pores allowing crystals to escape |
question
| Gram Positive Cell Wall |
answer
2 ring basal body Disrupted by lysozyme (secreted in our sebum & sweat are able to destroy Peptidoglycan cross links) They are Penicilin sensitive *Penicilin:kills only actively growing cells by desruting cross-linkage, cell dies by Lysis(bursts) |
question
| Gram Negative Cell Wall |
answer
4 ring basal body Endotoxin They're Tetracycline Sensitive |
question
| Atypical Cell Walls |
answer
No walls or little wall material Like Mycoplasmas and Archaea |
question
| Mycoplasmas |
answer
| Lack cell walss, sterols inplasma membrane. |
question
| Archaea |
answer
| Wall-less or walls of pseudomurein (lack NAM and D- amino acids) |
question
| Acid-Fast Cell Walls |
answer
Like gram positive cell walls waxy lipid (Mycolic acid)bound to peptidoglycan Ex:Mycobacterium and Norcadia |
question
| Damages to the Cell Wall |
answer
|
question
| Protoplast |
answer
| Is a wall-less cell,susceptible to osmotic lysis |
question
| Spheroplast |
answer
| is a wall-less gram positive cell, suceptible to osmotic lysis |
question
| L-Forms |
answer
| are wall-less cells that swell into regular shape |
question
The Plasma Membrane (Prokatyotes)
|
answer
consist primarily of Phospolipids,lipid bilayer, Protein Molecules: Peripheral proteins integral proteins Transmembrane proteins |
question
| Fluid Mosaic Model |
answer
| arrangment of phospholipids and proteins that allow membrane proteins to move freely to perform their function w/o damaging the structure of the membrane |
question
| Selective Permeability |
answer
| Allows or prevents passage of some molecules. |
question
| Plasma Membrane Functions |
answer
Contain enzymes that catalize chemical reactions that breakdown nutrients and produce ATP Photosynthetic pigments on foldings called:chromatophores and thylakoids |
question
| What happens if the Plasma Membrane is damaged |
answer
| damage by alcohols,detergents& polymyxin antibiotics cause leakage of cell contents |
question
| Simple Diffusion |
answer
movement of a substance(not water) accross membranes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Small & nonpolar molecule |
question
| Facilitated Diffusion |
answer
Facilitators of diffusion are channel or carrier Transporters protein in the membrane assists molecule with transport accross the membrane large and/or polar molecule H+ |
question
| Osmosis |
answer
| The movement of water accross a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water to an area of lower water concentration |
question
| Osmotic Pressure |
answer
| The pressure needed to stop the movement of water accross the membrane |
question
| Movement of Water Accross Membrane Occurs Through: |
answer
Lipid Layer Aquaporins(water channels) |
question
| Osmotic Solutions: |
answer
| Isotonic,Hypotonic and Hypertonic |
question
| Osmic Solution Isotonic |
answer
| Equal solute concentration=H2O |
question
| Osmic Solution Hypotonic |
answer
| Less solute concentration = more H2O |
question
| Osmic Solution Hypertonic |
answer
| More solute concentration = less H2O |
question
| Active Transpor |
answer
| requires a transporter protein and ATP |
question
| Group Translocation |
answer
| Requires a transporter protein and PEP(phosphoenolpyruvic acid) |
question
| Cytoplasma |
answer
| The substance inside the plasma membrane |
question
| The Nucleoid (Prokaryotes) |
answer
| Bacterial chromosome attached to the plasma membrane |
question
| Prokaryotic Ribosome |
answer
Protein Synthesis 70s 50s + 30s subunits |
question
| Inclusions are: |
answer
| Reserve Deposits |
question
| 7 Types of Inclusion in Prokaryotes |
answer
|
question
| Endospores |
answer
Resting Cells Resistant to desiccation,heat,chemicals Ex: Bacillus, Clostridium |
question
| Sporulation |
answer
| Endospore Formation |
question
| Germination |
answer
| Endospore return to vegetative state |
