Principles of Epidemiology Final Exam – Flashcards

• Simple - easy to learn and perform. • Rapid - quick to administer; timely results. • Inexpensive - good cost-benefit ratio • Safe - negligible harm to participants. • Acceptable - target group/s accept being tested.

• Opportunity for early treatment of disease • Delay onset of symptomatic or clinical disease • Reduce morbidity and mortality • Improve survival

• Introduce additional costs and risks • Create morbidity, especially when introduced • Increase anxiety from positive results • May create biases

• The health problem should be important for the individual and the community. • Diagnostic follow-up and intervention should be available to all who require these services. • There should be a favorable cost-benefit ratio. • Public acceptance of screening test must be high.

• Natural history of the condition or disease should be adequately understood • Recognize early stages of disease • Knowledge of biological markers of progression • Prevalence of the disease or condition is high and/or serious

• Screening program can alter the natural history of the condition in a significant proportion of those screened. • Suitable, acceptable tests for screening and diagnosis of the condition or disease are available. • Effective, acceptable methods of prevention and/or treatment are available.

• occurrence of more cases of illness than expected in a given area or among a specific group of people over a particular period of time. Cases usually presumed to have a common cause or be related to one another in some way