Popular Sovereignty – Checks And Balances Apush Test Questions – Flashcards
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Concept that political power rests w/ people who can create, alter, and abolish gov. - expressed through voting - free participation in gov.
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Popular sovereignty
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May 25, 1787 - all of the states except Rhode Island sent delegates - George Washington was pres. Of convention
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Philadelphia Convention
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Supreme Court ruled by John Marshall - William Marbury sued bc he had been promised a job by Adams but refused by Jefferson - est. judicial review
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Marbury vs. Madison
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Est. by ruling of John Marshall - Marbury vs. Madison - Supreme Court has power to determine constitutionality
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Judicial review
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Signed by King John of England in 1215 - cornerstone of English justice and law - the king and gov. bound by same laws as citizens
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Magna Carta
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Author of constitution and Bill of Rights - father of Federalist Party - _____ vs. Marbury
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James Madison
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Strong central gov. Vs. - ratification of new constitution vs. bill of rights - Alexander Hamilton vs. Thomas Jefferson
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Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists
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Belief in strong and powerful central gov. - strong influence on early decades - ratification of new constitution
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Federalism
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First 10 amendments - enforcement of protection - ind. rights
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Bill of Rights
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- larger states were conceded representation by population - house of rep. - smaller states were appeased by equal rep. of senate
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Great Compromise
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Compromise agreement by states t constitutional convention - bicameral legislature w/ a lower house - each state gets 2 senators
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Connecticut Plan
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Presented at constitutional convention - proposed the creation of bicameral legislature w/ rep in both houses - favored larger states
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Virginia Plan
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Retained essence of existing system w/ one house legislature - all states had equal rep - congress expanded taxing and regulating powers - proposed by William Patterson
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New Jersey Plan
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- secretary of treasury under Washington - Federalist - Bank of the USA
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Alexander Hamilton
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A rebellion by debtor farmers in western Mass. - led by revolutionary war cap. Daniel Shay - 1786
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Shay's Rebellion
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Practice of taking soldiers and forcing them into military service - infuriated Jefferson - infuriated merchants
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Impressments
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Four laws passes by federalist congress - approved by pres. Adams - 1st three were enacted in response to XYZ affair
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Alien and Sedition Acts (1789)
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1794 - farmers in Penn. rebelled against Hamilton's tax on whiskey - October 1794, Washington's finally reacted
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Whiskey Rebellion
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Collection of essays - Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison - explains how new gov. and constitution would work
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The Federalist Papers
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Compromise b/w southern and northern states - reached during Philadelphia convention 1787 - 3/5 pop. of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes
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3/5's Compromise
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Virginian who was commander in chief of continental army - pres of constitutional convention - 1st president of us
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George Washington
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Shay's Rebellion - constitutional convention - US constitution adopted at Philadelphia convention
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1787
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Written at constitutional convention - Philadelphia 1787 - ratified by original 13
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US Constitution
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Separated the powers of gov into three branches - led to checks and balances system - so the gov would not be centered upon one branch
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Separation of Powers
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Ensured that no particular branch got too much power over the other - demonstrated fear of absolute power - no branch > other branch
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Checks and Balances
