question

The agent-structure debate revolves, in part, around the role of individuals on the outcomes in International relations. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Normative claims can be subjected to empirical tests to prove their validity. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Having a set of intensively held values

answer

Allows personal beliefs to influence empirical inquiry

question

Popper opposed an "open society" of scholars that embraces theoretical and methodological diversity. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

To think theoretically one must

answer

Assume an underlying order to human affairs

question

The "paradigm mentality" leads to research approaches that

answer

Are narrow and rigid

question

The best way to encourage theoretical creativity and imagination is to

answer

Have several competing theories

question

Systematic thinking about "International Relations" requires that we define the unit of analysis. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Thinking theoretically requires a willingness to sacrifice detail and embrace broad observations. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Positivism dominates what school of International Relations theory?

answer

Realism

question

E.H. Carr maintains that the nature of politic is such that a. Priority should be given to power. b. priority must be given to morality c. political power follows moral authority d. None of the above

answer

d. None of the above

question

Hedley Bull contends that

answer

Since the dawn of nation states, elements of international society have always been present

question

That moral principles should/ought to guide politics is an ideal embraced by

answer

Immanuel Kant

question

Kant argues that "reason instructs" and motivates us toward the goal of a world society of "perpetual peace" a. True b. False

answer

True

question

The concept of sovereign states as the supreme, independent, and final authority in international politics is very typical of normative thinking. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Just War Theory is a

answer

Normative theory that defines the conduct of war

question

Hugo Grotius argued that international law is based upon: a. natural law b. customary practices c. power politics d. international treaties e. all of the above except C f. all of the above except A

answer

all of the above except C

question

A theory of international politics based on "value judgments" and "moral perspectives" is considered

answer

Normative Theory

question

Divorcing norms from decisions we make about international relations may be difficult, but is possible according to normative theory. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

"A prince therefore who desires to maintain himself must learn to be not always good, but to be so or not as necessity may require." This sage advice was given by Immanuel Kant. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

The "English School" of International Relations Theory focused attention on

answer

the workings of an international society

question

Grotius argues that international law governs nations' behavior

answer

In times of war and peace

question

The "state" is generally assumed by realists to be

answer

a single rational actor

question

Realism holds that international relations are fundamentally:

answer

an amoral issue.

question

The Realist perspective originated with classical English authors such as Disraeli. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

The "Security Dilemma" is a phenomenon rooted in the anarchic international system. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Thomas Hobbes argued that:

answer

"Where there is no common power, there is no law: where no law, no injustice."

question

_____writes that "the strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept."

answer

Thucydides

question

According to Thomas Hobbes, war is an evil that can be prevented by improving human nature. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

For realists, moral and ethical concerns are generally

answer

subordinated to considerations of power and interests.

question

Realism emphasizes the constraints placed on international politics by a. human nature b. the absence of international government c. the primacy of power and security d. all of the above e. only B and C

answer

d. all of the above

question

The "stag hunt" is Rousseau's illustration of

answer

the logic of international anarchy.

question

Realist agree that "low politics" (trade, domestic concerns, etc) are on par with "high politics" (security, war, etc.) in determining state behavior. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

"The Melian Dialogue" underlines considerations of

answer

power and interest in international politics

question

For Classical Realists, fear is not a fundamental cause of war. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

According to Rousseau, the underlying cause of conflict in international relations is

answer

the social context within which states exist

question

For realists, anarchy drives states to seek security primarily by

answer

seeking relative power over other states.

question

____ argued that imperialism inevitably emerged as a direct continuation in the development of monopoly capitalism.

answer

V.I. Lenin

question

Lenin's theory of imperialism focused on

answer

Advanced capitalist states

question

Marx's theory of revolution underestimated the power of

answer

Nationalism

question

For economic structuralists, the proper starting point of analysis is:

answer

the international system

question

Marxists (economic structuralists) assume that uneven development is the result of

answer

Structures of domination

question

Marx assumed conflict (fault-line) within society was driven primarily by

answer

Mechanisms of exploitation controlled by a particular class.

question

For Marx, the principle form of conflict in human history is

answer

Class struggle

question

Marxism rejects Realism's tendency to analyze politics and the international state system in isolation and the lack of focus on the relationship global capitalism. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

The capitalist world-system theory, like theories of realism, necessarily places the state at the center of analysis. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Dialectical Materialism is a theory developed by:

answer

Karl Marx

question

Neorealism claims that states are structurally predisposed to behave in generally predictable patterns, but to understand specific behaviors we must look at

answer

the internal disposition of states

question

A systems theory of IR relegates state-level issues to secondary importance in explaining the outcomes of state actions. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

State behavior is characterized by rational self-interested behavior determined by the systemic constraints of the international system. This statement fairly represents the view of Neorealism. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

A system is a mental image that helps us visualize international relations and explain

answer

Patterns and interactions of states

question

The structure of the system influences state behavior, but does not determine the outcome. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Neorealism highlights its constraints by only focusing on the influence of

answer

distribution of power among states

question

According to advocates of systemic theory, explaining international outcomes on the basis of state-level causes is an example of

answer

Reductionist theory

question

The international "system" is independent of the wishes of states but ________ determine system-level outcomes.

answer

competition among states

question

An "international system" is defined as:

answer

the phenomenon resulting from the interaction of actors

question

According to advocates of systemic theory, explaining international outcomes on the basis of state-level causes is an example of

answer

Reductionist theory

question

According to Neorealists, a theory of international relations that seeks explanation by looking at the human psyche is an example of:

answer

Reductionism

question

A decision-makers' "perceptions" are considered a "systemic cause" in Neorealist theory of IR. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Politics conducted in a condition of anarchy makes

answer

states functionally similar

question

The game of prisoners' dilemma is based on the assumption that states do act irrationally. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Waltz believes that it is not absolutely necessary to take into account

answer

The Domestic characteristics of states

question

Balance-of-power theory does not explain outcomes in international politics in which the system is anarchic and states seek to survive. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Neorealism assumes that economic cooperation is sought by states in an anarchic world. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Neorealist assume that one of the important effects of anarchy is

answer

Even states content to live in peace are condemned to a relentless struggle for security.

question

Balance-of-Power theory assumes that:

answer

balances are the natural and inevitable outcome of the struggle for power.

question

Neorealism focuses attention on

answer

states' concerns about relative gains in power

question

Waltz believes that taking into account which aspect(s) of structure is not necessary if the system is anarchic?

answer

the domestic characteristics of states

question

The ordering principle in any given system can be which of the following? a. Anarchy b. Autarky c. Hierarchy d. All of the above e. A or C

answer

e. A or C

question

Balance-of-Power is a theory used to explain the outcome of individual states' efforts to survive and enhance their power. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

The "structure" of the system is determined by

answer

the attributes of the system

question

The structure of a system is defined by a. its ordering principles b. the characteristics of actors in the system c. the distribution of capabilities across the system d. All of the above e. Only A

answer

All of the above

question

The structure of the system operates as a cause of state behavior, but not the only one a. True b. False

answer

True

question

That similar patterns of state behavior are observed in international politics is attributed to

answer

the structure of the system.

question

To say that a state is sovereign is to say that

answer

a state can decide for itself its policies.

question

The use of force and the threat of violence is what distinguish domestic politics and international politics. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

When cooperation occurs in international politics, the primary concern(s) of states is/are a. relative gains in power. b. the impact on the balance of power. c. absolute gains in power. d. Only A and B e. A, B and C are all correct

answer

Only A and B

question

A set of principles, norms, rules and procedure around which actors' expectations converge is an

answer

International regime

question

For liberals, anarchy is mitigated by a. International Regimes b. State level economic reform c. International institutions d. All of the above e. Only A and C

answer

Only A and C

question

Like realists, neoliberals assume that there is a logical link between the conditions of anarchy and war. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

For liberals, states are less inclined to resort to international hostility if a. They share a common political and economic regime-type b. They engage in commercial rivalry with other states c. They would suffer from the interruption of free trade d. All of the above e. Only A and C

answer

Only A and C

question

Economic self-interest is a disincentive for war when

answer

Trade creates mutual dependence

question

Liberal Institutionalists believe that states are more concerned with maximizing absolute gains than ensuring relative gains. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Liberalism (Neofunctionalism) takes from game theory analysis of international politics a zero-sum perspective rather than a positive-sum perspective. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Liberals assume that international organizations can be independent actors in their own right. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Liberals generally take _______ of how states affect international relations and outcomes.

answer

An inside-out view

question

From the perspective of liberalism, people are reasoning beings concerned with self-preservation and self-improvement and Liberals therefore assume that

answer

States can learn to secure international peace

question

Robert Keohane argues that strong states with a long time horizon

answer

Can facilitate cooperation when dealing with a global collective goods problem

question

Stephen Brooks argues that the key to understanding the relationship between international commerce and war is

answer

The globalization of production

question

A liberal theory that explains how states collaborate to achieve common goals is

answer

Functionalism

question

Voluntarism assumes that system structure takes precedence over agency. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Liberals believe that the moral aspirations of states will not be thwarted by the absence of an overarching global authority. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Post-structuralism focuses our attention on competing representations of history and rejects the idea of a "true" account of history written by the dominant power. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

What do post-positivist theorists mean when they say that "theory is always for someone and for some purpose"?

answer

All theories are rooted in assumptions conditioned by human perspective

question

Realists rely on static definitions of the "national interests" to explain state behavior, but Constructivists (like Finnemore) contend that state action is motivated more by

answer

Changing international norms

question

Post-structuralists view state sovereignty as

answer

A questionable claim that the state is the primary and exclusive actor in IR

question

Constructivists believe that positivist theory is a firm foundation upon which we can base our explanation of reality. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Post-structuralism embraces a. The Enlightenment's views of scientific progress b. The Behavioralists's "scientific method" c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

answer

Neither A nor B

question

For Constructivists, actors/agents (people and states) are atomistic rational actors, not inherently social and a product of social relationships. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

The fundamental orientation of Constructivism is theorizing about

answer

The normative and ideological impact on political actors

question

Constructivists (like Wendt) believe that neorealism's assumptions about international anarchy are:

answer

Socially constructed and subjective

question

According to constructivist theory, the security dilemma is an socially constructed feature of international relations, not an inherent aspect of anarchy. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

According to constructivist theory, states and individuals are subject to structural determinism. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

The end of the Cold War, and the "failure" of rationalist/positivitist IR theory (Neorealism and Neoliberalism) to predict and explain a fundamental change in the international system, motivated Constructivists to question these theories' assumptions about a. Anarchy b. Agent-structure relations c. The influence of ideas on state behavior d. All of the above e. Only A and B

answer

All of the above

question

Constructivist theories of International Relations are:

answer

Post-structural approaches to theorizing about identity and interest

question

Post-Structuralism takes issue with neorealist conceptions of the state as the primary unit of analysis by questioning (problematizing) the

answer

Origins of the state

question

Constructivists have criticized "rationalists/positivists" for being wrongheaded or misguided about a. Ontological issues b. Methodological questions c. Normative assumptions d. All of the above e. Only C

answer

All of the above

question

"Theory is always for someone and for some purpose" highlights the

answer

need to critically scrutinize all theory's ideological foundations

question

A major goal to Critical Theory is to

answer

emancipate us from unjust social and economic structures

question

A major focus of Critical Theorists is

answer

interpretation of observation

question

Critical Theory a. embraces the assumptions of human objectivity b. emphasizes the subjectivity of human inquiry c. rejects the notion of value-free social science d. All of the above e. Only B and C

answer

Only B and C

question

Phenomenology focuses on the interpretive understanding of human observation of the world around us. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

The current world order is assumed by Critical Theorists to be

answer

not natural, necessary, or historically invariable

question

Critical theorists reject as utopian concerns about a. universalizing certain moral and political principles b. reducing material inequality in the world c. respecting ethnic and cultural differences d. None of the above

answer

None of the above

question

The built-in bias of Neorealism and Neoliberalism toward stability and maintaining the status quo is viewed by Critical Theorists as

answer

typical of a problem solving/technical approach to IR Theory

question

Marxist ambitions of not just offering an alternative interpretation of the world but seeking to change the world are central to Critical Theory. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

On the Voluntarism-Determinism continuum, Critical Theorists fall on the

answer

Voluntarist extreme

question

Our assumptions about the essence of things in general is

answer

ontology

question

Self-reflection and probing the origins of knowledge are rejected by Critical Theorists in favor of rational accounts of International Relations. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Critical Theorists are not concerned with exposing ideological claims presented as objective theoretical explanations. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

For Critical Theorists, human observation and theory is subject to

answer

our inability to be completely independent of the world around us

question

Many feminists prefer historical or interpretive understandings of gender roles rather than methodologies that claim that facts are neutral. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

From a feminist perspectives

answer

states are just as likely to threaten human security as enhance it

question

The theoretical assumption that gender identities are natural or "human nature" (not socially constructed) a. reproduces the status quo in existing international power relations b. threatens the foundations of positivist international relations theory c. is rejected by feminist International Relations theory d. All of the above e. Only A and C

answer

Only A and C

question

Feminist perspectives on international organizations argue that

answer

these institutions reflect the norms and interests of hegemonic groups

question

The realist rational, unitary power-maximizing state perspective

answer

marginalizes a gendered analysis

question

Postmodern feminists, contrary to liberal and radical feminists, embrace the idea that women are a homogeneous group and embracing a uniform gendered perspective will undermine the "masculine" domination of IR. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Some feminists (radical feminists) argue that a. affirmative action will not solve the problem of gender in IR b. accounting for women's important role in IR will solve the problem c. the basic class/patriarchy structures in society must be changed d. All of the above e. Only A and C

answer

Only A and C

question

Gender is a set of a

answer

social and culturally constructed identities

question

Liberal or empirical feminists seek to bring in a gendered perspective by a. accounting for women's participation in international relations b. identifying ways to overcome barriers to women's under representation c. including women in national security/high politics circles d. All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

From a feminist perspective, gender permeates social life, and has profound, but often unnoticed effects on international relations. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

Feminists criticize international system beliefs that are masculine-biased as well as those that are gender-neutral. a. True b. False

answer

True

question

For feminists, social relations are a key unit of analysis for explaining

answer

unequal power relations

question

Mainstream structural theories of IR are embraced by some Feminist theories as adequate explanations of the human experience. a. True b. False

answer

False

question

Feminists' concern about gender inequality are in line with the concerns ctitical theorists have about the notion of security. a. True b. False

answer

True

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