question

A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:

answer

acute.

question

Which of the following can cause cell injury or death? 1. Hypoxia 2. Exposure to excessive cold 3. Excessive pressure on a tissue 4. Chemical toxins

answer

1,2,3,4

question

A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems is called:

answer

ischemia

question

The term homeostasis refers to:

answer

maintenance of a stable internal environment.

question

To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?

answer

Preprogrammed cell self-destruction

question

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

answer

Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.

question

The best definition of the term prognosis is the:

answer

predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.

question

A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called:

answer

dysplasia.

question

Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?

answer

Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving the experimental therapy.

question

When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:

answer

infarction.

question

Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:

answer

hypovolemia.

question

The control center for thirst is located in the:

answer

hypothalamus.

question

Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:

answer

insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction.

question

Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?

answer

Potassium

question

What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?

answer

Bicarbonate ion levels decrease

question

Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?

answer

Rough oral mucosa

question

Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.

answer

Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract

question

What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?

answer

Kidneys

question

Place the following events in the correct sequence of events when ketoacids increase in the blood of a diabetic patient. Not all options are used in the answers. 1. Serum pH decreases 2. Serum bicarbonate decreases 3. PCO2 decreases 4. Respiration decreases 5. Respiration increases 6. Serum pH increases 7. Urine pH decreases

answer

2, 1, 5, 3, 7, 6

question

Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?

answer

Cl- and HCO3-

question

One of the factors involved in the increased need for water in infants is:

answer

higher metabolic rate.

question

What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?

answer

Metabolic acidosis

question

Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?

answer

Decreased osmotic pressure

question

Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male's body:

answer

4%

question

Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?

answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

question

An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to:

answer

decreased PCO2.

question

Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?

answer

Fluid deficit

question

Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?

answer

Prolonged diarrhea

question

Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?

answer

Aldosterone

question

Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?

answer

Excessive sweating

question

At which site are most drugs metabolized and prepared for excretion?

answer

Liver

question

The full course of a prescribed antimicrobial drug should be completed so as to prevent:

answer

development of resistant microbes.

question

In traditional Asian medicine, acupoints are usually located:

answer

on designated meridians.

question

Contraindications printed on the label of a drug identify:

answer

those circumstances under which the drug should probably not be used.

question

Antagonistic drugs may be used to:

answer

act as an antidote when necessary.

question

Which of the following are considered to be the toxic effects of a drug?

answer

Serious, possibly life-threatening effects

question

After they are metabolized, most drugs are excreted through the:

answer

kidneys

question

Traditional drug or surgical therapy is incorporated with nontraditional methods by:

answer

osteopaths.

question

A drug that binds with selected specific cell receptors may: 1. stimulate activity in those cells. 2. inhibit activity in those cells. 3. change specificity and attach to other cells. 4. be disabled by macrophages.

answer

1,2

question

Ingesting a drug with a large meal may be likely to:

answer

prevent gastric irritation.

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