POD Ch.1-3 – Flashcards
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A short-term illness that develops very quickly with perhaps a high fever or severe pain is called:
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acute.
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Which of the following can cause cell injury or death? 1. Hypoxia 2. Exposure to excessive cold 3. Excessive pressure on a tissue 4. Chemical toxins
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1,2,3,4
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A deficit of oxygen in the cells usually due to respiratory or circulatory problems is called:
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ischemia
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The term homeostasis refers to:
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maintenance of a stable internal environment.
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To which of the following does the term apoptosis refer?
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Preprogrammed cell self-destruction
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Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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Damaged cells may be able to repair themselves.
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The best definition of the term prognosis is the:
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predicted outcome or likelihood of recovery from a specific disease.
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A change in a tissue marked by cells that vary in size and shape and show increased mitotic figures would be called:
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dysplasia.
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Which of the following conditions distinguishes double blind studies used in health research?
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Neither the members of the control group or the experimental group nor the person administering the treatment knows who is receiving the experimental therapy.
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When prolonged ischemia occurs to an area of the heart, the resulting damage is referred to as:
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infarction.
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Strenuous physical exercise on a hot day is likely to result in:
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hypovolemia.
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The control center for thirst is located in the:
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hypothalamus.
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Hypocalcemia causes weak cardiac contractions because:
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insufficient calcium ions are available for muscle contraction.
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Hypokalemia refers to a condition in which the serum has a very low level of which ion?
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Potassium
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What is the effect on blood serum when excessive lactic acid accumulates in the body?
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Bicarbonate ion levels decrease
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Which of the following is a typical sign of dehydration?
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Rough oral mucosa
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Choose the correct effect of increased parathyroid hormone.
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Increased absorption of calcium from the digestive tract
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What is the slowest but most effective control for acid-base balance?
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Kidneys
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Place the following events in the correct sequence of events when ketoacids increase in the blood of a diabetic patient. Not all options are used in the answers. 1. Serum pH decreases 2. Serum bicarbonate decreases 3. PCO2 decreases 4. Respiration decreases 5. Respiration increases 6. Serum pH increases 7. Urine pH decreases
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2, 1, 5, 3, 7, 6
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Which two ions are most important for acid-base balance in the body?
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Cl- and HCO3-
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One of the factors involved in the increased need for water in infants is:
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higher metabolic rate.
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What would a serum pH of 7.33 in a patient with kidney disease indicate?
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Metabolic acidosis
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Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
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Decreased osmotic pressure
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Choose the correct proportion of blood (to body weight) in an adult male's body:
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4%
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Which of the following is a common effect of both hypokalemia and hyperkalemia?
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Cardiac arrhythmias
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An anxiety attack often causes hyperventilation leading to:
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decreased PCO2.
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Which of the following would likely be related to an elevated hematocrit reading?
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Fluid deficit
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Which condition is likely to cause metabolic acidosis?
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Prolonged diarrhea
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Which of the following is the primary control of serum Na+ levels?
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Aldosterone
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Which of the following is a common cause of hyponatremia?
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Excessive sweating
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At which site are most drugs metabolized and prepared for excretion?
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Liver
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The full course of a prescribed antimicrobial drug should be completed so as to prevent:
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development of resistant microbes.
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In traditional Asian medicine, acupoints are usually located:
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on designated meridians.
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Contraindications printed on the label of a drug identify:
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those circumstances under which the drug should probably not be used.
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Antagonistic drugs may be used to:
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act as an antidote when necessary.
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Which of the following are considered to be the toxic effects of a drug?
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Serious, possibly life-threatening effects
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After they are metabolized, most drugs are excreted through the:
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kidneys
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Traditional drug or surgical therapy is incorporated with nontraditional methods by:
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osteopaths.
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A drug that binds with selected specific cell receptors may: 1. stimulate activity in those cells. 2. inhibit activity in those cells. 3. change specificity and attach to other cells. 4. be disabled by macrophages.
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1,2
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Ingesting a drug with a large meal may be likely to:
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prevent gastric irritation.