Maximum Displacement of a Pendulum and Spring
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A simple pendulum swings in simple harmonic motion. At maximum displacement
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the acceleration reaches a maximum.
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The angle between the string of a pendulum at its equilibrium position and at its maximum displacement is its
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amplitude.
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For a mass hanging from a spring, the maximum displacement the spring is stretched or compressed from its equilibrium position is its
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amplitude
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Which of the following is the time it takes to complete a cycle of motion?
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period
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Which of the following is the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time?
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frequency
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How are frequency and period related in simple harmonic motion?
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They are inversely related.
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By what factor should the length of a simple pendulum be changed if the period of vibration were to be tripled?
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9
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Which of the following is a single nonperiodic disturbance?
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pulse wave
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Which of the following is a wave whose source is some form of repeating motion?
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periodic wave
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One end of a taut rope is fixed to a post. What type of wave is demonstrated if the free end is quickly raised and lowered?
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pulse wave
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What happens to the energy carried in a given time interval by a mechanical wave when the wave's amplitude is doubled?
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It increases by a factor of four
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What happens to the energy carried in a given time interval by a mechanical wave when the wave's amplitude is halved?
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It decreases by a factor of four.
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Two waves can occupy the same space at the same time because waves
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are displacements of matter.
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The superposition of mechanical waves can be observed in the movement of
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waves in a ripple tank.
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What is the phase difference between two waves that are traveling in the same medium when they undergo constructive interference?
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0°
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Which of the following is the interference that results when individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave?
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constructive
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Which of the following is the interference that results when individual displacements on opposite sides of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave?
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destructive
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A student sends a pulse traveling on a taut rope with one end attached to a post. What will the student observe?
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The pulse will be reflected and inverted if the rope is fixed to the post.
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Standing waves are produced by periodic waves of
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the same frequency, amplitude, and wavelength traveling in opposite directions.
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Sound waves
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are longitudinal waves.
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Which of the following is the region of a longitudinal wave in which the density and pressure are greater than normal?
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compression
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Which of the following is the region of a longitudinal wave in which the density and pressure are less than normal?
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rarefaction
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How high or low we perceive a sound to be, depending on the frequency of the sound wave, is defined as the
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pitch
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Which has a higher speed of sound?
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copper
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As a train starts from rest then accelerates down the track, coming toward an observer faster and faster, the frequency of the sound waves coming toward the observer will be
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constantly increasing in frequency.
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The Doppler effect occurs with
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all waves.
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As a sound source approaches and then moves past a stationary observer, the observer will hear
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a rise in pitch, then a drop in pitch.
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Which of the following is the condition that exists when the frequency of a force applied to a system matches the natural frequency of vibration of the system?
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resonance
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What phenomenon is created by two tuning forks side by side that emit frequencies that differ by only a small amount?
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beats
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In a vacuum, electromagnetic radiation of short wavelengths
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travels as fast as radiation of long wavelengths.
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When red light is compared with violet light,
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both travel at the same speed
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The relationship between frequency, wavelength, and speed holds for light waves because
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all forms of electromagnetic radiation travel at a single speed in a vacuum
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Snow reflects almost all of the light incident upon it. However, a single beam of light is not reflected in the form of parallel rays. This is an example of ____ reflection off of a ____ surface.
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diffuse; rough
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A highly polished finish on a new car provides a ____ surface for ____ reflection.
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smooth; specular
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When incoming rays of light strike a flat mirror at an angle close to the surface of the mirror, the reflected rays are
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close to the mirror's surface.
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When a straight line is drawn perpendicular to a flat mirror at the point where an incoming ray strikes the mirror's surface, the angles of incidence and reflection are measured from the normal and
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the angles of incidence and reflection are equal.
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If a light ray strikes a flat mirror at an angle of 27° from the normal, the reflected ray will be
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27° from the normal.
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The image of an object in a flat mirror is always
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the same size as the object
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If you stand 3.0 m in front of a flat mirror, how far away from you would your image be in the mirror?
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6.0 m
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Which of the following best describes the image produced by a flat mirror
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virtual, upright, and magnification equal to one
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When the reflection of an object is seen in a flat mirror, the distance from the mirror to the image depends on
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the distance from the object to the mirror.
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When the reflection of an object is seen in a flat mirror, the image is
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virtual and upright.
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Part of a pencil that is placed in a glass of water appears bent in relation to the part of the pencil that extends out of the water. What is this phenomenon called?
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refraction
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Refraction is the term for the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes at an angle from one ____ into another.
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medium
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Which is an example of refraction?
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A fish appears closer to the surface of the water than it really is when observed from a riverbank.
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The ____ of light can change when light is refracted because the wavelength changes.
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color
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Light is NOT refracted when it is
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striking a wood surface.
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When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is higher,
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it is bent away from the normal to the surface.
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When light passes at an angle to the normal from one material into another material in which its speed is lower,
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it is bent toward the normal to the surface.
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When a light ray moves from air into glass at an angle of 45°, its path is
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bent toward the normal.
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Which of the following describes what will happen to a light ray incident on a glass-to-air boundary at greater than the critical angle?
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total reflection
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If atmospheric refraction did not occur, how would the apparent time of sunrise and sunset be changed?
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Sunrise would be later, and sunset would be earlier
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Which is NOT correct when describing the formation of rainbows?
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The angle between the incident white light and the returning violet ray is 45°.
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In a double-slit interference pattern the path length from one slit to the first dark fringe of a double-slit interference pattern is longer than the path length from the other slit to the fringe by
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one-half of a wavelength.
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Interference effects observed in the early 1800s were instrumental in supporting a concept of the existence of which property of light?
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wave nature
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In Young's double-slit experiment, a wave from one slit arrives at a point on a screen one wavelength behind the wave from the other slit. What is observed at that point?
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bright fringe
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Two beams of coherent light are shining on the same sheet of white paper. When referring to the crests and troughs of such waves, where will darkness appear on the paper?
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where the crest from one wave overlaps the trough from the other
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At the first dark band in a single-slit diffraction pattern, the path lengths of selected pairs of wavelets differ by
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one-half wavelength.
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f light waves are coherent,
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they remain in phase.
