Physical Science -Unit 6- Atomic Structure & Periodic Table SPS1.a.-c. – Flashcards
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Atomic number
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the number of protons (+) in the nucleus of an atom of a given element and equal to the number of electrons (-) surrounding the nucleus.
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Atomic Mass or Mass Number
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Sum of the number of protons and neutrons
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How to find the number of neutrons in an atom?
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Atomic mass number - Atomic number
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Neutrons
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A neutrally charged subatomic particles in the nucleus of an atom
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Protons
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A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
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Valence electrons
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the number of electrons in the outermost energy level
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Atomic structure
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Atoms are made of a nucleus of protons and neutrons orbited by electrons
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Electron cloud
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a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
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The number of neutrons in a U-238 isoptope
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146
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The number of electron in an atom of chlorine
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17
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The number of protons in an atom of chlorine.
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17
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The number of neutrons in an atom of chlorine
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18
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Period
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A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table - determines how many electron energy levels an atom has
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Group or Chemical Family
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A vertical column on the periodic table which share a common number of valence electrons and react the same
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Atom
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Smallest particle of an element
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Ion
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An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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Electrons
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Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus
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Metals
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Elements that have a shiny or metallic luster, are malleable, ductile, and are good conductors of heat and electricity
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Nonmetals
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Elements, mostly gases, or dull and brittle solids that that are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
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Metalloids
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Elements along the staircase. Have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Ex: Silicon
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State the number of neutrons in each of these Lithium isotopes - Li-6, Li-7, & Li-8
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3, 4, & 5
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Gold (Au) forms two common ions - how many electrons does each have: Au 1+ and Au 3+
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Au 1+ has 78 electrons, Au 3+ has 76 electrons
