Physical Science Test 2 review – Flashcards
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figure 5-1 shows a portion of a blank periodic table. identify the segments labeled a and b
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A is period and B is a group.
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moving from left to right across a row of the periodic table, what increases by exactly one from element to element
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Atomic number
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the standard on which the atomic mass unit is based is the mass of a
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Carbon 12 atom
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the atomic mass of an element is
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a weighted average of the masses of an element's isotopes
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which list of elements contains only metals
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Tin, Copper, Cesium
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at room temperature, none of the metals are in what state?
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gases
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which general statement does NOT apply to metals
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Most metals are brittle
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group 7A of the periodic table contains the
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most reactive nonmetals
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Atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have
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one or seven valence electrons
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as you move from left to right across a period, the number of valence electrons
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increases
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the tendency of an element to react is closely related to
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the number of valence electrons in atoms of the element
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a member of the boron family has three valence electrons, while a member of the nitrogen family has
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five
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which statement is NOT true about the elements fluorine, chlorine, and iodine
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They are similar to noble gases
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which of the following group 1A elements is most reactive
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cesium
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which of the following group 7A elements is the most reactive
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Fluorine
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to keep them from reacting, some highly reactive elements are stored in
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argon
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which element is found in most of the compounds in your body except for water
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carbon
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which of the following groups contain three elements with stable electron configurations
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Helium, xenon, neon
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typically, atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve
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a stable electron configuration
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study the electron dot diagrams for lithium, carbon, fluorine, and neon in figure 6-1. choose the statement that correctly identifies the most stable of the elements
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Neon is mosst stable element because its highest occupied energy level is filled.
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the formation of an ionic bond involves the
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transfer of electrons (An ionic bond is the bonding between a non-metal and a metal)
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which of the following statements correctly describes the substance with the formula KI
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There is a 1-1 ratio of potassium ions to iodide ions
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in the compound MgCl₂, the subscript 2 indicates that
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there are two chloride ions for each magnesium ion
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which of the following compounds does NOT contain molecules?
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NaCl
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when two atoms of the same nonmetal react, they often form a (an)
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diatomic molecule
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in a polar covalent bond
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electrons are not shared equally between atoms
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the elements most likely form more than one type of ion are the
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Transition Metals
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Fluorine, F, forms a binary ionic compound with Lithium, Li. What is the name of this compound?
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lithium fluoride
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the name "iron (II)" indicates that a compound contains
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Iron ions with a charge of 2⁺
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Beryllium, Be, and chlorine, Cl, form a binary ionic compound with a one-to-two ratio of beryllium ions to chloride ions. The formula for the compound is
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BeCl2
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In the name "carbon dioxide" the prefix of the second word indicates that a molecule of carbon dioxide contains
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two oxygen atoms.
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which phrase best describes a metallic bond?
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The attraction between a metal cation and a shared pool of electrons
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which statement about metals is true?
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Electrons in a metal lattice are free to move
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an alloy that contains mainly iron and carbon is
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stainless steel
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hydrochloric acid, HCl, is added to the solid NaOH. After the reaction is complete, NaCl dissolved in water remains. What are the products of this chemical reaction?
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NaCl and H2O
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which of the following does NOT state what the arrow means in a chemical equation?
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Conserves
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which of the following is a chemical equation that accurately represents when sulfur and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide
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2S+3O2-->2SO3
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Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation for the synthesis of NaBr from Na and Br₂
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2Na + Br₂ --> 2NaBr
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Methane , CH₄, burns in oxygen gas to form water and carbon dioxide. what is the correct balanced equation for this reaction
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CH₄(g) + 2 O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)
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when magnesium carbonate, MgCO₂, reacts with nitric acid, HNO₃, magnesium nitrate and carbonic acid form. carbonic acid then breaks down into water and carbon dioxide. Which two types of reactions take place in this process?
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double-replacement and decomposition
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In a compound, chemical energy is contained in the
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Bonds
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Which of the following is true about what happens during a chemical reaction
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bonds of the reactants are broken, and bonds of the products are formed
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in terms of energy, how would you classify the following chemical reaction? 2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO + 315 kJ
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exothermic
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The total amount of energy before and after a chemical reaction is the same. Thus, energy is
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conserved
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in general, if the temperature if the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased, the reaction rate
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increases
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which of the following is not a property of an acid
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doesnt feel slippery
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a base is defined as a compound that produces
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hydroxide ions in solution
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which of the following is NOT a common property of bases
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Reacts with metals.
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the products of the neutralization reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide are
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Magnesium chloride and water (a.k.a. dihydrogen oxide)
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the salt that is formed during the reaction between potassium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is
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KCl
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an acid can be defined as
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a proton donor, A substance that yields hydrogen ions (H⁺) when dissolved in water.
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distilled water has a hydronium ion concentration of 1x10⁻⁷M. What is the pH of a distilled water?
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7
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A compound has a pH of 6 in solution, where very little of it has ionized. the compound is a
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weak acid
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which of the following are examples of strong electrolytes
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Strong acids and strong bases.
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what is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles or energy or both
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radioactivity
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what type of nuclear decay releases energy but not a particle
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gamma decay
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when radium-226 decays to form randon-222, the radium nucleus emits a (an)
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alpha particle
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Carbon-14 forms nitrogen-14 by
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beta decay.
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the half-life of tritium, or hydrogen-3, is 12.32 years. After about 24.6 years, how much of a sample of tritium will remain unchanged
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one fourth
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the half-life of a radioisotope is the amount of time it takes for
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the amount of time it takes for half the sample to decay.
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Which of the following particles is smaller than the rest
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electon
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during nuclear fission, great amounts of energy are produced from
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very SMALL amounts of mass
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suppose 3 neutrons are released by an atom in the first stage of fission reaction in another nucleus of the material. if all the neutrons cause other nuclei to fission, how many atoms will have undergone fission after 2 more stages of the chain reaction?
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27
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Which of the following is an advantage of using nuclear power plants to produce electricity
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Nuclear power plants do not pollute the air.
