Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter Review
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What is matter?
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Anything that has mass and takes up space
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Mass is.....
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The amount of matter in an object. Measured in grams, kilograms
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Volume is....
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The amount of space an object takes up. Measured in milliliters, liters or cm3
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How would you find the volume of an irregular object, such as a rock, using only a graduated cylinder and water? Describe the process.
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Read and record the volume of the water. Drop the rock into the water. Read and record the volume of the rock and the water, then subtract the volume of the water from it. Water Displacement
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Describe how particles of matter are arranged in a SOLID.
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Particles are tightly packed together. They can vibrate, but cannot move out of position.
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Describe how particles of matter are arranged in a LIQUID.
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Particles are further apart and can flow past one another.
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Describe how particles of matter are arranged in a GAS.
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Particles are much farther apart, rarely coming in contact with one another.
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What is density? Use this definition to explain why some object can float and some sink.
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The amount of mass per unit of volume. If an object is denser than the fluid it is in, it will sink. If it is less dense, it will float. m ÷ v = d (heart method)
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What are physical properties? What are examples of physical properties?
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Properties that can be observed using your senses. Color, shape, size, texture, function, density, state of matter.
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What are chemical properties? When are you able to observe them?
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Properties that describe how matter changes into new types of matter. You are only able to observe them during a chemical change.
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What happens to matter in a physical change?
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Matter changes physically, but nothing new is created. It is still the same matter.
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What are some examples of physical changes?
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Tearing paper, slicing carrots, water changing to water vapor, etc.
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What happens to the particles of matter when thermal energy is added to it?
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The particles speed up and start moving faster. Sometimes a phase change can occur.
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What happens to the particles of matter when thermal energy is taken away from it?
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The particles slow down and move more slowly. Sometimes a phase change can occur.
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Describe the phase change during melting:
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Change of a solid to liquid
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Describe the phase change during boiling:
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Change of a liquid to gas
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Describe the phase change during condensing:
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Change of a gas to liquid
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Describe the phase change during freezing:
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Change of a liquid to solid
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In which phase of matter are particles moving fastest? Slowest? Why?
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Particles move fastest in gases. They move slowest in solids. Gases have the most thermal energy and solids have the least.
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What is a mixture? Give some examples of mixtures.
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A mixture is made up of two or more types matter that are combined physically. 1. Trail mix 2. Sand and water 3. Air
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What is a solution? Give an example of a solution.
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A type of mixture in which substances are thoroughly dissolved and do not separate with gravity. An example is sea water, Kool-Aid
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How are mixtures and solutions alike? How are they different?
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Mixtures and solutions are made of matter that is physically, not chemically combined. In solutions, you cannot see the individual particles because they are dissolved in the substance.
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What happens to the particles of matter during a chemical change?
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In a chemical change, the particles of matter break apart (bonds) and form new types of matter with different properties.
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Give some examples of chemical changes.
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1. wood burning 2. fireworks exploding 3. metal rusting 4. cake baking
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What are clues, or evidence, that a chemical reaction has taken place?
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It will bubble/give off gas, new color, gives or takes thermal energy...
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Compare physical and chemical changes.
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In a chemical change, new substances were formed with different properties. Example-burning of coal with releasing of carbon dioxide and water. In a physical change, the matter changes form, but nothing new is created. Example- grinding of coal
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Give 3 examples of physical changes.
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Melting an ice cube, boiling water, mixing sand and water, breaking a glass, dissolving sugar and water, shredding paper, chopping wood
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Give 3 examples of chemical changes.
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1.Rotten Apple 2. Burning a hot dog
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What is the relationship between atoms and molecules?
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Molecules are a joining of two of more atoms. Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter that make up everyday objects. (pure)
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What is the law of conservation of mass?
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This law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
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What happens to the particles during a chemical reaction?
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The molecules of one reactant are combined with those of another reactant to form a new substance during a chemical reaction. As the chemical bonds are broken, the positions of electrons change, resulting in a product with properties that are different from the properties of the reactants.
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Identify how many elements are in H2O2
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2
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Identify how many elements are in 3H2
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1
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Identify how many elements are in CO2
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2
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Identify how many elements are in 4Fe203
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2
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How do you know when a chemical reaction has taken place?
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You may see a temperature change, color change, the formation of gas bubbles, and/or formation of a precipitate
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Compare endothermic and exothermic chemical reactions.
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An endothermic reaction occurs when energy is absorbed from the surroundings in the form of heat. (Cool/Cold) An exothermic reaction is one in which energy is released from the system into the surroundings (Warm/Hot)
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Compare products and reactants in chemical reactions.
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Reactants are the substances which are present at the beginning of a reaction. (Left Side) Products are the new substances formed after a reaction (Right Side)
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De?ne and give an example of a Homogeneous mixture
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A mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. Examples: air, sugar water, rain water, dishwashing detergent
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De?ne and give an example of a Heterogeneous mixture
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A mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Examples: cereal in milk, vegetable soup, pizza
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What is conserved during any change?
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Mass
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When iron reacts with oxygen, what substance is produced?
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Rust
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What is the property that describes the ability of metals to be hammered into sheets?
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Malleability
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Put the following substances in ordered from lowest pH to highest pH? 1. Drain Cleaner 2. Water 3. Lemon Juice 4. Battery Acid 5. Dish Soap
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Battery Acid (pH-1) Lemon Juice (pH-2) Water (pH-7) Dish Soap (pH-10) Drain Cleaner (pH-14)
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A rock is dropped into a tub of water and sinks to the bottom. A block of iron exactly the same size is dropped into the same tub and sinks to the bottom of the cup. How do the rock and the block of iron compare?
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They are both denser than water.
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A student filled a bag nearly full with water. When he took the bag out of the freezer, the ice expanded the bag. He wondered if there had been a change in the amount of substance in the bag. What is the BEST measure to find out any change in the amount of substance in the bag?
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Measure the mass
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Air is BEST described as ___
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Mixture of gas
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How do elements differ from compounds?
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Elements are composed from the same atom or molecule. Every particle in an element has the same number of protons in the nucleus. Compounds are made of two or more different types of atoms or molecules. Because of that, protons in the nucleus of that particular compound are different.
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An element's location on the periodic table tells you?
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An element's location in the periodic table gives an idea about the physical and chemical properties of the element. Example: Reactivity
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What is conductivity?
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The ability of a material to conduct heat or electrical energy
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Why do atoms have no electric charge even though most of their particles are charged?
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They have the same number as protons and electrons which cancel each other out
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A student is baking a cake at home and has placed several ingredients on the countertop to use. She has scooped some baking soda into a measuring spoon. She accidentally knocks over a cup of vinegar and several drops spill onto the spoon with the baking soda. The baking soda begins to fizz where the vinegar spilled on it. When the fizzing stops, Suzanne notices that about half of the baking soda in the spoon is gone and there is now a liquid on the spoon. What happened to the baking soda? A. It melted into the vinegar. B. It evaporated into the air. C. It dissolved in the vinegar and formed a mixture. D. It combined with the vinegar and produced a new gas.
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D. It combined with the vinegar and produced a new gas.
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A science class was investigating how a powdered drink mix dissolves in water of different temperatures. They needed to determine how much mix would dissolve in a given sample of water. Which would be the BEST procedure? A. Add heaping teaspoons of mix until no more dissolves. Count the number of heaping teaspoons used. B. Measure the mass of the mix before and after shaking small amounts into the water until no more will dissolve. Then they will calculate the difference. C. Shake a little bit in at a time until no more will dissolve. Count the number of shakes. D. Add three packages of mix to the water. Then see how much of it dissolves.
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B. Measure the mass of the mix before and after shaking small amounts into the water until no more will dissolve. Then they will calculate the difference.
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Which tool would be the BEST for measuring the amount of matter in a wooden block?
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Triple Beam Balance
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What is the boiling point of water in Celsius?
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100 degrees Celsius
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What is the freezing/melting point of water in Celsius?
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0 degrees Celsius
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Butyric acid smells like sweaty socks. When methanol is added and the mixture is heated, no change is visible but a new odor of sweet apples now fills the room. Which of the following is the best explanation for this observation? A. A chemical change has taken place and the product has a new physical property. B. A physical change has taken place and the product has a new chemical property. C. A chemical change has taken place and the product has a new chemical property. D. A physical change has taken place and the product has a new physical property.
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A) A chemical change has taken place and the product has a new physical property
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What is the maximum number of valance electrons that an energy level/electron shell can hold? (This question does not include Helium)
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8
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The Electron Dot Diagram (Lewis Structure) is used to represent how many _______ an element has.
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Valance
