Phychology 2301 chapter 1 – Flashcards
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Salary and years of education are_______ correlated, and grade point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are _____ correlated.
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positively, negatively
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A number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between variables is called a(n) _____.
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correlation coefficient
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In a procedure called _____, participants are placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups
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random assignment
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The model that likens the mind to a computer that sequentially takes in information, processes it, and then produces a response is called the ________.
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info-process model
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What is an advantage of survey research?
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Surveys can be used on larger samples than other research methods.
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Deception is sometimes used in psychological research in order to _____.
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protect the public from research realities
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If Dr. A is interested in studying why individuals with antisocial personality continue to commit crimes and hurt others without feeling any remorse, on what goal of psychology is Dr. A focused?
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explaining behavior
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In _____research, a researcher observes or measures (without manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them, without inferring a causal relationship.
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correlation
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In an experiment to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus, the dependent variable is _____.
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the amount of recycling done
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Which of the following is a mental process? thinking, feeling, reading
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thinking and feeling
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A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____.
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informed consent
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What type of research would study ways to enhance athletic performance? independent basic dependent applied
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applied
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_____ research observes and records behaviors without manipulating variables or producing causal explanations. Descriptive Empirical Independent Dependent
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descriptive
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In a procedure called _____, participants are placed in experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing biases or preexisting differences in the groups. random sampling random assignment group selection experimental assignment
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random assignment
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_____ are factors that are not being directly manipulated or measured, which could affect research results if they are not held constant. Random variables Placebos Extraneous variables Replicators
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extraneous variables
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The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what theory of personality? psychobiological psychosocial psychoanalytic psychobehavioral
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psychoanalytic
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Since there is a correlation between cancer and stress, which of the following statements is true? Cancer causes stress. Stress causes cancer. Knowing a person's stress level can predict that person's likelihood of cancer. Obesity causes both stress and likelihood of cancer to increase.
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knowing a persons stress level can predict that persons likelihood of cancer
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Research participants who try to present themselves in a good light are demonstrating _____. good judgment the social desirability response a placebo effect deceptive behavior
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the social desirability response
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Which scientific method of research would be used if a college student running for student body president was trying to determine whether to emphasize campus security, improved parking facilities, or increased health services in their campaign? a case study naturalistic observation an experiment a survey
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a survey
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watching the patients in a psychiatric ward during meals to see if they speak to each other is what category of research?
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observational
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asking a troubled adolescent about how his problems came about is what form of research?
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case study
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determining whether negatively worded ads cause people to buy more or less of a product is what form of research?
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experimental
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investigating an exercise and cancer risk is what form of research
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correlation
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what correlation (+ or -) is perceived stress level to stress hormone output?
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positive
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asking a random sample of people to complete an online questionnaire about political attitudes
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survey
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Developmental psychologists want to know if exposing children to public television improves their reading skills. IV, EG, CG, DV? Placebo?
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IV - tv exposure EG - public tv CG - no tv DV - reading skills Placebo - network tv
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Operant psychologists want to know whether reinforcing comments will make people work harder on an assembly line. IV, EG, CG, DV? Placebo?
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IV - reinforcing comments EG - reinforcing comments CG - no comments DV - work performance Placebo - no
