Photography Final
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agitate
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to move a solution over the surface of film or paper during development so that fresh liquid comes into contact with the surface
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Aperture
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the lens opening through which light passes.
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ASA
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a numerical rating that describes the sensitivity of photographic film to light.
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changing bag
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a light-tight bag into which a photographer can insert his/her hands to handle film when an absolutely dark room is not available
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contact printing
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the process of placing a negative in contact with sensitized material, usually paper, and then passing light through the negative onto the material. the resulting positive images is the same size as the negative.
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contrast filter
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a colored filter used on an enlarger to adjust contrast between light and dark tones in black-and-white print.
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crop
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to trim the edges of an image, often to improve the composition.
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darkroom
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a room where photographs are developed and printed, sufficiently dark to handle light-sensitive materials without causing unwanted exposure.
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depth of field
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the are between the nearest and farthest points from the camera that are acceptably sharp in an image.
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developer
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a chemical solution that changes the invisible, latent image produced during exposure into a visible image.
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development
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1) the entire process by which film or paper is treated with various chemicals to make an image that is visible and permantent. 2) specifically, the step in which film or paper is immersed in developer.
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Easel
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a holder to keep sensitized material, normally paper, flat and in position on the base-board of an enlarger during projection printing.
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Emulsion
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a light sensitive coating applied to photographic films or papers. it consist of silver, halite crystals, and other chemicals suspended in gelatin.
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enlarger
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a optical instrument ordinarily used to project an image of a negative onto sensitized paper.
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exposure
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1) the act of letting light fall on a light sensitive material 2) the amount of light reaching the light sensitive material specifically, the intensity of light multiplied by the length of time it falls on the material.
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exposure meter
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an instrument that measures the amount of light falling on a subject or emitted or reflected by a subject. allowing aperture and shutter speed settings to be computed. commonly called a light meter.
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Film
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the material used in a camera to record a photographic image. generally it is a light sensitive emulsion coated on a flexible acetate or plastic base
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film speed
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the relative sensitivity to light of a film.
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Fixer
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a chemical solution that makes a photographic image insensitive to light.
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focus
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1) the position at which rays of light from a lens converge to form a sharp image. 2) to adjust the distance between lens and image to make the image as sharp as possible.
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fog
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an overall density in the photographic image cause by unintentional ezposure to light or unwanted chemical activity
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frame
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1) the edges of an image 2) a single image on a roll of film.
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f-stop
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the common term for the aperture setting of a lens.
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glossy
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describes a printing paper with a great deal of surface sheen.
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iso
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a film speed rating similar to an ASA rating.
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lens
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a piece or several pieces of optical glass shaped to focus an image of a subject.
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negative
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1) any image with tones that are the reverse of those in the subject. 2) the film in the camera during exposure that is subsequently developed to produce a negative image.
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negative carrier
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a frame that holds a negative flat in an enlarger.
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overexposure
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to give more than normal exposure to film or paper that results in dark or dense negatives. the resulting silver density is often too great for best results.
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pan
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to follow the motion of a moving object with the camera. this will cause the object to look sharp and the background blurred.
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postive
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an image with tones corresponding to those of the subject.
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print
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1) a photographic image usually positive one on paper 2) to produce such an image from a negative by contact or projection printing.
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proof
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a test print made for the purpose of evaluating density, contrast, color balance, subject composition, and the like.
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reel
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a metal or plastic reel with spiraled grooves in to which film is loaded for development.
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safe light
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a light used in the dark room during printing to provide general illumination without giving unwanted exposure.
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shutter
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a mechanism that opens and closes to admit light into a camera for a measured length of time.
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silhouette
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a scene or photograph in which the background is much more brightly lit than the subject.
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single lens reflex
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a camera in which the image formed by the taking lens is reflected by a mirror onto a ground-glass screen for viewing through a viewfinder. the mirror swings out of the way just before exposure to let the image reach the film.
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stop bath
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an acid solution used between the developer and the fixer to stop the action of the developer and to preserve the effectiveness of the fixer. generally a dilute solution of acidic acid; plain water is sometimes used as a stop bath for film development.
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tank
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a container for developer or other processing chemicals into which film is placed for development.
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test strip
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a piece of photographically sensitive paper onto which within image that is exposed several times at precise intervals to provide a range of exposure times.
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underexpose
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to give less than normal exposure to film or paper.
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viewfinder
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a small window on a camera through which a subject is viewed and framed.
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washing aid
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a chemical solution used between fixing and washing film or paper. it shortens washing time by converting residues from the fixer into forms more easily dissolved by water.
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wetting agent
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a chemical solution used after washing film by reducing the surface tension of water remaining on the film. it speeds drying and prevents water spots.
