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Nursing

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the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations.

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Historical Perspective

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• The role of caregiver has been assigned to both males and females through history • Male has often been doctors • Female usually associated with nurses • The Medical model= the Medical profession • The Nursing model is distinct and different • The kind of care provided is culturally relevant

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Florence Nightingale

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• Founder of Modern Nursing • Studied /implemented methods to improve battlefield sanitation, decrease infection • Wrote 1st Nursing Philosophy, "Notes on Nursing: What it is and is Not". o Based on health maintenance and restoration • Also an epidemiologist and great institutional manager • Developed 1st organized Nursing school. • 1st Nurse epidemiologist

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Clara Barton

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• Contributed to the growth of nursing in the U.S. during the Civil War. • Founder of the American Red Cross.

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Dorthea Dix

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• First superintendent of nurses for the Union Army in the Civil War • Organized hospitals, appointed nurses, and oversaw and regulated supplies for the troops

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Mary Ann Ball Bickerdyke

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• Organized ambulances and walked the abandoned battlefields at night, looking for wounded solders

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Mary Mahoney

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• First African-American professional nurse • Promoted awareness of cultural diversity and respect for the person regardless of race or color

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Isabel Hampton Robb,

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• The first superintendent of John Hopkins Training School established Nurses' Associated Alumnae which later became the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 1911.

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Mary Adelaide Nutting

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• Helped to affiliate nursing in University settings. • She became first professor of nursing at Columbia University.

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Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster

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• Opened the Henry Street Settlement in 1893. • Focused on health care needs of the poor in NYC's tenements • JWA - Lillian Wald - Henry Street Settlement

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Nursing history

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• Army Nurse Corp. started in 1901 and the Navy Nurse Corp. in 1908. • 1920's sees the beginning of nurse specialties such as Nurse Midwifery. • Evolution continues with the establishment of ANA's center for Ethics and Human Rights in 1990, the latest revision of Nursing's Code of Ethics in 2001 and in collaboration with the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation work towards developing standards for end of life care.

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC: Provider of care

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As a provider of care, the nurse utilizes the nursing process to formulate and implement nursing care for individuals who have health care needs. The nurse is concerned with promoting, maintaining, and/or restoring the client to an optimum state of health. The nurse may also support the client to die with dignity. The nurse utilizes the nursing process to facilitate critical thinking required to make sound judgments and to demonstrate competent practice. The nurse provides information for the individual, the community, and health care providers through effective communication. The nurse's commitment to client-centered care is reflected through a collaborative approach involving the client, family, significant others, and members of the health care team

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC: Manager

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As a manager of care, the associate degree nurse provides and coordinates care for a group of clients who have health care needs. Collaboration, organization, delegation, accountability, advocacy, and respect for other health care workers characterize the practice of the associate degree nurse

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC: Manager

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The associate degree nurse may delegate certain aspects of care to licensed practical nurses and/or to personnel commensurate with their education and experience. The nurse retains accountability for care delegated to others and knows the legal parameters of other care providers' roles, responsibilities, and scopes of practice. The associate degree nurse seeks consultation with other professionals when situations beyond his/her knowledge and experience occur.

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC: Manager

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To be competent in the role of manager of care, the nurse must possess the knowledge and skills necessary to make decisions about priorities of care, to delegate aspects of nursing care to others, to utilize time and resources, and to know when to seek assistance. This requires knowledge of client care management, communication, delegation, legal parameters of nursing practice, and roles and responsibilities of members of the health care team.

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC: Member of Profession

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As a member within the nursing profession, the nurse demonstrates accountability, autonomy, and authority in practice. The Utah Nurse Practice Act, the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics, and current standards of practice guide nursing practice. The nurse practices within the ethical and legal framework of the nursing profession and is responsible for ensuring high standards of nursing practice. The nurse's role as a member of the profession and of the healthcare team is to provide holistic, client-centered care and to maintain patient advocacy.

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The Role of the Nurse as Defined by SLCC:Nursing

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• The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems. • The nurse contributes to the improvement of nursing by remaining a lifelong learner. The nurse actively supports the continued growth and positive image of the profession. The nurse understands the importance of nursing research, rules, and regulations governing the practice of nursing, roles of professional organizations, and political, economic, and societal forces affecting practice. Basic concepts of management are incorporated into the practice of the associate degree nurse.

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