Phil 201 Exam 2 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Laws of Logic
answer
The foundation of all reasoning. If they are not accepted as true, then nothing we say or reason makes any sense. These laws are undeniable.
question
Law of Non-Contradiction
answer
Something cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same respect
question
Law of Excluded Middle
answer
Something either is or is not
question
The law of Identity
answer
Something is what it is.
question
Undeniable
answer
These laws is what is undeniable
question
Premises
answer
"Reasons" given in an argument to support their clame
question
Conclusion
answer
The belief that one is trying to support
question
Inference
answer
The relationship between the premises and the conclusion
question
Validity
answer
Refers to the structure of an argument, an argument is considered valid if the conclusion follows from the premises, it is invalid if the conclusion does not follow the premises.
question
Non-Sequiter
answer
no sequence, it does not follow
question
Truth Value(Is it true or false)
answer
Refers to the quality of the propositions in the argument, arguments are valid or invalid but propositions are true or false.
question
Sound
answer
An argument is sound if it is both valid and premises are true, an argument may be valid and unsound but can never be invalid and sound, an argument is unsound if it is either invalid or one or more of the premises are false.
question
Deductive Logic
answer
Form of logic made up arguments where(if valid) the conclusion follows necessarily from, or is guaranteed by the premises.
question
Syllogism
answer
The formal procedure for writing out a deductive argument.
question
Categorical Propositions
answer
A proposition that affirms or denies something in terms of two categories: subject and predicate
question
Disjunctive Propositions
answer
A proposition which affirms or denies something in terms of two alternatives(known as alternates) in the form of an "Either/or" statement
question
Alternant
answer
A term stemmed from an alternative
question
Hypothetical Propositions
answer
A conditional statement that affirms or denies something in terms of an antecedent(usually expressed by "if") and a consequent(Usually expressed as "then")
question
Pure Hypothetical Syllogism
answer
uses only hypothetical propositions for the two premises and the conclusion
question
Mixed Hypothetical Syllogism
answer
employs a hypothetical proposition for the first permise but then uses categorical propositions for the second premise and the conclusion
question
Modus Ponens
answer
The second premise affirms that the antecedent of the hypothetical is true.
question
Modus Tolens
answer
The second premise denies the consequent of the hypothetical proposition
question
Denying the antecedent(Hypothetical fallacy)
answer
If you do the work, then you will pass the course You did not do the work Therefore, you did not pass the course
question
Affirming the Consequent
answer
If you do the work, then you will pass the course You passed the course Therefore, you did the work.
