question

The truth is relative to place, time, and purpose

answer

Which view about truth is common to all pragmatists

question

Reduce complex, philosophical puzzling proposition into simpler less puzzling one

answer

What does philosophical analysis attempt to to

question

The possible observations that would verify it

answer

What determines the meaning of a proposition, according to the logical positivists

question

Atomic facts

answer

According to logical atomism, what does the world ultimately consist of

question

Physical objects just are sense-data

answer

Which best expresses phenomenalism as a metaphysical metaphysical theory

question

When it logically follows from other beliefs that cannot be doubted

answer

According to the espitemological foundationlist, when is a belief knowledge

question

True beliefs somehow picture or mirror reality

answer

Antirepresentationlists like Richard Rorty always deny this claim

question

Behaviorism

answer

Which view maintains that mental words like hope, belief, or desire do not refer to things at all, whether physical or nonphysical

question

...

answer

Which view maintains that mental states just are states of the brain and central nervous system

question

Functionalism

answer

Which view maintain that although mental states require a physical system to exist they are not reducible to states of any particular physical system

question

Whether selves exist

answer

Which of the following is an ontological issue

question

False

answer

John Dewey was primarily interested in abstract metaphysical issues

question

True

answer

The logical positivists rejected metaphysical and moral claims as meaningless nonsense

question

False

answer

Bertrand Russell argued that the world consists of many independent atomic facts rather than a single all-encompassing Hegelian Oneness

question

False

answer

Phenomenalists believe that there are no physical objects just sense data

question

False

answer

The perceived failure of phenomenalism led philosophers like Richard Rorty to adopt a foundationlist view of knowledge

question

True

answer

According to W. V. O. Quine physical objects are theoretical posits not constructs out of sense data

question

True

answer

Rorty adopts a non realist nonrepresentationalist conception of truth as that which meets the current standards of rationality of a particular group of speakers

question

False

answer

Dualism is a physicalist viewpoint in the philosophy of mind

question

False

answer

Behaviorists like Gilbert Ryle believe that mental state talk can always be translated into precise sets of behaviors or behavioral dispositions

question

False

answer

Identity theorists and functionalists agree that each particular mental state of a person is identical with a specific state of that person's brain or central nervous

question

True

answer

According to ontological realism, ontological investigation can disclose objective truth

question

Ignorance of the good

answer

What is evil, according to Socrates

question

By reason

answer

How is goodness apprehended, according to Plato

question

Wisdom

answer

The just or well-ordered soul manifests which virtue, according to Plato

question

All of the above

answer

In what does human happiness consist, according to Aristotle

question

Those that are natural but not necessary

answer

Which desires did epicureans say you should occasionally satisfy

question

Become self-reliant and accept your fate in like with serenity and calm indifference

answer

Which piece of advice would be more likely to come from a stoic

question

Misdirected love

answer

Where does moral evil come from, according to St. Augustine

question

They are fundamentally selfish

answer

What are people naturally like, according to Thomas Hobbes

question

Reason

answer

What is morality ultimately based on, according to Immanuel Kant

question

By its very nature morality must assume the perspective of an impartial spectator

answer

According to John Stuart Mill, why should we seek to raise the general happiness rather than just our own

question

The superman

answer

For Nietzsche, who or what is the source of ethical truth

question

False

answer

Socrates believed that non-virtuous conduct is usually the result of willing evil

question

True

answer

Plato held that the ultimate source of reality and goodness lies beyond the physical, natural world

question

False

answer

Aristotle thought that they key to happiness is having a soul that is well-ordered

question

True

answer

Epicureans and stoics agreed that the good life is the pleasant life

question

False

answer

St. Augustine believed that the existence of the devil is the best explanation of why there is evil in a world created by a totally good God

question

True

answer

St. Hildegard believed that mystical experience was a source of knowledge as certain as reason

question

True

answer

St. Thomas Aquinas held that there were two sets of virtues, one set directing us to happiness on earth and the other directing us to eternal happiness

question

True

answer

Thomas Hobbes thought that peace requires justice which, given human nature, requires compulsion under the threat of force

question

False

answer

David Hume believed that moral judgments are based on reasoning from the observed facts of a situation

question

True

answer

Unlike the utilitarians,who based morality on consequences, Kant held that morality is categorical and thus must be based solely on reason

question

It is an aristocracy ruled by an elite group of intellectually superior individuals

answer

What is the form of the ideal state, according to Plato

question

Another trick question! Aristotle didn't think there is any single from that the ideal state must take

answer

What is the form of the ideal state for Aristotle

question

When there is a conflict between it and human law, human law takes precedence

answer

What is not true of the natural law, for St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas

question

It gives citizens a rights to revolt if the state acts unjustly towards them

answer

What is not true of the contract that gives rises to the state, according to Thomas Hobbes

question

The people delegate or entrust their natural rights to a divided government, retaining the right to revolt if the government violates its trust

answer

Which best describes Locke's governmental contract

question

Obedience to the general will

answer

What is true, moral freedom,according to the later Rousseau

question

Marbury v. Madison

answer

In which of the following was the power of the Supreme Court declare laws unconstitutional established

question

The toleration of nonconformist thought and lifestyles

answer

Which did Harriet Taylor support

question

One should seek general happiness

answer

John Stuart Mill believed that

question

A dominant class that owns and controls the means of production and a subordinate class that doesn't

answer

Karl Marx viewed history as the struggle between two classes. What are they?

question

False

answer

Plato and Aristotle were both fans of democracy and basic human equality

question

True

answer

For Plato the state is a living organism whose well-being must be sought by its subjects

question

True

answer

Aristotle held that a state could be good or bad regardless of the form of its government

question

False

answer

Only Christians can attain knowledge of the natural law, according to both St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas

question

True

answer

Thomas Hobbes defined justice as the keeping of agreements and said it can only exist if there is a state powerful enough to force people to do it

question

False

answer

John Locke held that the right to property did not exist prior to the existence of the state

question

False

answer

Even in his early writings, Jean-Jacques Rousseau maintained that true freedom requires the existence of the state

question

True

answer

Classic liberals believe in toleration of nonconformity and as much personal liberty as possible

question

False

answer

Pragmatism is also known as British pragmatism

question

True

answer

Karl Marx thought that the ideal society was a classless one without any exploitation or alienation

question

Tricky! He claimed that it can't be defined

answer

In terms of what did G. E. Moore define goodness

question

Express emotion and encourage others to feel the same way

answer

What do moral judgments do, according to the emotivists

question

It leads to an entitlement view of justice

answer

What is not true of John Rawls's original position

question

It should be equal unless an unequal distribution would benefit everyone

answer

What is Rawls's position on the just distribution of income and wealth in a society

question

Such a state necessarily involves redistributive taxation that violates persons' natural entitlement rights

answer

Why does Robert Nozick believe that any state that goes beyond the minimal state is unjust

question

Moral argument that takes into account the actual, particular details of the association or culture involved

answer

What is a thick moral argument, for Michael Walzer

question

Conservatism

answer

Which of the following is the political philosophy based on respect for established institutions and traditions

question

Meta ethics

answer

The attempt to understand the sources and criteria of moral value judgments is known as

question

Democratic socialism

answer

Which of the following is not one of the three main philosophical causes looked at when studying ecological crises

question

A theory of justice

answer

What is the name of the influential publication by John Rawls

question

True

answer

G. E. Moore thought that goodness is a simple, nonnatural, and undefinable property

question

True

answer

Meta ethnic is the attempt to understand the source, criteria, meaning, verification, or validation of moral value judgments

question

False

answer

The emotivists thought that moral judgments are genuine propositions with a clear, factual meaning

question

False

answer

John Rawls argued that rational, self-interested people choosing from behind a veil of ignorance would agree that there should be no inequalities in liberty or wealth and income in the just society

question

True

answer

Robert Nozick is a libertarian who thinks that only a state limited to the functions of a night-watchman is morally justifiable

question

True

answer

According to Alasdair MacIntyre, morality should focus more on the question of which character traits promote human flourishing rather than on questions about which principles of right conduct are the correct ones

question

False

answer

Making and defending moral judgments is known as meta ethnic

question

False

answer

According to Rawls the most important good is respecting others

question

True

answer

Classical liberalism argued that the government should not interfere in economic affairs

question

False

answer

Herbert Marcuse argued that the reason the Marxist revolution didn't happen in modern industrial societies is because capitalism doesn't really lead to the exploitation and alienation of workers that Marx said it did

question

False

answer

Ayn Rand embraced a community based ethics, in which the neediest were cared for by the strongest

question

You could do it using just the concept of God os the greatest being conceivable

answer

What did Anselm believe about proving God's existence

question

Cosmological

answer

At. Thomas Aquinas's first three ways are all versions of which part of argument

question

It is as valid a source of knowledge as reason is

answer

How did mystical experience compare with reason as a source of knowledge about God, according to Julian of Norwich

question

They must yield conclusions that are absolutely certain

answer

Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic must all of Descartes arguments for God posses

question

God

answer

According to Leibniz, what is the sufficient reason for the changing of the seasons

question

It must be based on sensory experience

answer

Given his epistemological standards, what characteristic would Hume insist that any argument for God possess

question

A characteristic always adds something to the concept of a thing, but existence does not do this

answer

Why didn't Immanuel Kant think that existence is a property or characteristic of a thing

question

Moral

answer

What kind of an argument did Kant use to justify the rationality of belief in God

question

How you live if it is with passionate commitment

answer

What is truth, for Soren Kierkegaard

question

It perpetuates the polarization human qualities built into the traditional sexual stereotypes

answer

What would Mary Daly say about the image of God the father

question

Richard Dawkins

answer

Which of the following is not a proponent of intelligent design

question

False

answer

Unlike philosophy, theology makes no philosophical assumptions about God

question

True

answer

St. Anselm believed that the denial of God's existence leads to a self- contradiction on the part of the atheist

question

True

answer

St. Thomas Aquinas used each of the four kinds of argument for God except for the ontological argument which he rejected

question

True

answer

Julian of Norwich thought that mystical revelations were just as valid as knowledge derived from reason

question

False

answer

Descartes maintained that his idea of God was derived from sense impressions

question

False

answer

According to Baron Von Leibniz's principle of sufficient reason something might happen even if there is no sufficient reason for it to happen

question

True

answer

David Hume analyzed the argument from designs as a defective and weak analogy

question

False

answer

Immanuel Kant believed that existence was a property a thing either did or didn't possess

question

True

answer

William James thought it was okay to will to believe in God in spite of the fact that there is no conclusive evidence for his existence

question

True

answer

According to Mary Daly, traditional theism serves the purpose of patriarchal social arrangements

question

True

answer

For Alvin Plantinga, theists have a right to believe in God since it is a basic belief

PHI2010 Quizzes 9,10,11,12,13 – Flashcards

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