PHE 275: Stress Management – Multiple Choice – Flashcards
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This factor(s), above all else, determines one's degree of stress
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One's perception or interpretation
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Which of the following is not a physical effect of the stress response
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Increase neurogenesis
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According to Freud, the source of stress stems from an overactive _____
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Ego
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Which of the following characteristics is not typically experienced in the fight-or-flight response
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Increased gastric movement
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The pathway from stressor to physiological stress response, in order, is which of the following
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Stressor, brain, glands, hormones and neurochemicals, target tissue
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The "direct" link between stress and cancer is now thought to be
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The instability of the immune system
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According to the Borysenko model of stress and disease, the pathway to disease is caused by which two functions
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An overresponsive autonomic nervous system and a weakened immune system
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According to Carl Jung, the unconscious mind is well versed in this method of articulating itself
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Symbolic thinking
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Kubler-Ross would not agree with this statement
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Bargaining is the last stage of the grieving process
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Carl Jung believed that only recurring dreams were of significance to resolving stress-related issues (T/F)
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False
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This brain region is the control center where the production of stress hormones and communication with stress hormone producing glands begins
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Hypothalamus
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The lowest and highest stages of Maslow's theory of motivation are which of the following
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Physiological needs and self-trancendense
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T-cells get their name from the thyroid gland in which they are stored (T/F)
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False
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The use of sarcasm would be a mismanaged anger trait exhibited by
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Underhanders
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Research has revealed that any method of venting anger is a healthy means of emotional catharsis (T/F)
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False
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Cognitive restructuring is a term test described as
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A process of rethinking about a stressor
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Reframing, in the form of positive affirmations
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Helps to balance negative self-talk
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This is the suggested order to reconstruct negative thoughts into positive ones
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Awareness, reappraise, adopt, evaluate
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"Thought stopping" is the same thing as self-talk (T/F)
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False
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This theory of behavior was tested by training dogs with a ringing bell
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Classical conditioning
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This behavioral theory speaks to the nature of "voluntary" behaviors
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Operant conditioning
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Assertiveness can best be described as
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expressing personal rights and feelings
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Of the following parts of one's personality which is thought to be the most difficult to influence with regard to stress
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Values
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This behavior is an example of assertiveness
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Responding to situations rather than reacting to them
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What aspect differentiates Proshaska's Behavior Change Model from other models
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The relapse stage
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Meditation can be best described as
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Increased concentration that leads to increased awareness
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According to Dr. Herbert Benson, these four components are needed to achieve the Relaxation Response
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Quietness, a mental device, a passive attitude, a comfortable position
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A mandala is a circular-shaped object used as a vehicle for mediation (T/F)
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True
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Yoga is an ancient Sanskrit word that literally means
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Union of the mind, body and spirit
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Hatha yoga literally means
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Union of the sun and the moon
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The art of Hatha yoga requires these aspects (steps) for best effectiveness
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Breathing, stretching, and balance
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The Hatha yoga pranayama is
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The breathing technique
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According to experts, this is perhaps the most crucial factor for the success of mental imagery regarding internal body images
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Self-generated (first person) images
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Types of images for mental imagery tend to fall in one of these three categories
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Tranquil scenes, behavioral changes and body images
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Studies show that athletes who use mental imagery as a form of mental training do better in competition than those who only train physically (T/F)
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True
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The most common symptom of stress is
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Muscle tension
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The type of muscle contraction is typically associated with progressive muscle relaxation
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Isometric
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Progressive muscle relaxation intercepts the stress response by direct conscious inhibition of the excitatory neural drive to muscle fibers (T/F)
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True
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The autogenic technique is
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Where ones relaxes the body by making the body parts heavy and warm
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The following benefits have been observed through autogenic training
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Decreased insomnia
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Unlike progressive muscular relaxation, in autogenic training, there is no conscious effort to relax one's muscles (T/F)
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False
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This relaxation technique is documented to increase brain cell tissue associated with memory and attention span
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Physical exercise
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Prochaska's behavior model: Stages of Change
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1. Pre-contemplation Stage: denial that the behavior problem exists 2. Contemplation Stage: individual begins to think about the need to change 3. Preparation Stage: close to taking action, plan of action developed 4. Action Stage: Action is taken, several tries to get it right 5. Maintenance Stage: Person steps into the flow of making change part of regular routine 6. Relapse Stage (maybe): Old behavior is resumed for a while, until new behavior is readopted
