PHARMACOLOGY ATI TEST – Flashcards
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Digoxin (lanoxin)
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Antidysrhythmic
Side Effect: Blurred or doubled vision
Side Effect: Blurred or doubled vision
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Guaifenesin
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Side Effect: Can cause drowsiness
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Estrogen (premarin)
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Side Effect: Increase Risk of Thromboembolism with shortness of breath, severe headache, vomiting.
Sudden acute pain in the calves, legs, chest, abdomen
Sudden acute pain in the calves, legs, chest, abdomen
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Estrogen (premarin)
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Side Effect: Increase Risk of Thromboembolism with shortness of breath, severe headache, vomiting.
Sudden acute pain in the calves, legs, chest, abdomen
Sudden acute pain in the calves, legs, chest, abdomen
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Doxepin (Sinequan)
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Anticholinergic
Side Effect: Urinary retention, constipation, drying of nasal/oral secretions, Increased Heart Rate
Side Effect: Urinary retention, constipation, drying of nasal/oral secretions, Increased Heart Rate
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Albuterol (Proventil)
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Sympathomimetic; Adrenergic beta-2 agonist
Contraindicated; with MAOI - can increase action of albuterol leading to hypertension crisis.
Beta blockers - can inhibit the therapeutic effects
USE: invert canister, shake before use, rinse mouth after use, with new inhaler perform test spray.
Contraindicated; with MAOI - can increase action of albuterol leading to hypertension crisis.
Beta blockers - can inhibit the therapeutic effects
USE: invert canister, shake before use, rinse mouth after use, with new inhaler perform test spray.
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Levothyroxine (T4)
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Indication: HYPOthyroidism in relation to dysfunction of hypothalamus, pituitary or thyroid gland
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Cephalosporins (Keflex)
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Allergy to cephalosporins is considered a precaution for taking penicillins
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Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
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Interventions for anticonvulsant therapy; assess for respiration, depression, excess sedation from toxic effects, Intravenous (IV) at less than 50 mg per minute, avoid extravasation (alkaline can cause skin damage)
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Sumatriptan (Imitrex)
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USE: When migraine symptoms appear and again in 1 hour if symptoms persist
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Fastest Route for Pharmacological Administration
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INTRAVENOUS
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NARCAN
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(OPIOID ANTAGONIST)
Therapeutic action: improvement of respiratory rate
Therapeutic action: improvement of respiratory rate
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Baclofen (Lioresal)
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Therapeutic action: Decreases frequency and severity of muscle spasms
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Erythromycin (Erythrocin)
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Macrolide
Side Effect: Liver Toxicity
Side Effect: Liver Toxicity
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Insulin: (high dose) U-500
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5 times stronger than u-100 - divide dosage ordered by 5
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Spirinolactone (Aldactone)
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Potassium sparing diuretic
Avoid foods with high potassium such as salt substitutes
Avoid foods with high potassium such as salt substitutes
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Chloroquine phosphate (Aralen)
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Indication: Malaria prevention
Use: Take weekly starting 1 week before departure and continued for 4 weeks after return
Use: Take weekly starting 1 week before departure and continued for 4 weeks after return
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Heparin (anticoagulant)
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Use with ALTEPLASE for acute Myocardial Infarction
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Warfarin (Coumadin)
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Use: Long term prophylaxis of thrombosis
Antidote: Vitamin K
Antidote: Vitamin K
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Clopidogrel (Plavix)
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Use: Reduce long-term risk of clotting w/atherosclerosis and recent MI of CVA
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Alteplase (Activase)
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Antithrombolytic
Use: Acute MI/ CVA (has short half-life)
Use: Acute MI/ CVA (has short half-life)
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Methylphenidate (Concerta)
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USE: Narcolepsy
Precaution: Avoid caffeine
Precaution: Avoid caffeine
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Testosterone IM
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If used to correct delayed puberty, assess bone maturation with bi-annual x-rays of hand and wrist; monitor liver function; can increase hypoglycemia, potentiate sleep apnea, exacerbate heart failure due to fluid retention
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Diphenoxylate and Atropine (Lomotil)
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Caution: With Renal impairment, decreased elimination of Atropine thereby increasing anticholinergic effects of atropine like confusion
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Loperamide (Imodium)
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Use: Anti-diarrheal (poorly absorbed from GI tract; difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier)
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Methylcellulose (Citrucel)
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Bulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects
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Psyllium (Metamucil)
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Bulk-forming agent with minimal Side Effects
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Acetazolamide (Diamox) - diuretic
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Indication - edema, epilepsy, acute mountain sickness, glaucoma (decrease intraocular pressure due to decreased amounts of aqueous humor in the eye)
Contraindication: allergy to sulfonamides
Contraindication: allergy to sulfonamides
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Metoprolol (Lopressor) - Beta Blocker
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Hold dose for dyspnea (sign of exacerbation of Cardiac Heart Failure)
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Propanolol (Inderal) - Beta Blocker
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USE: Dysrhythmia, hypertension, angies
Side Effects: bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, can block glycogenesis
Side Effects: bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, can block glycogenesis
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Norgestrel (Ovrette)
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USE: Contraception
Side Effects: Excess progestin, weight gain from increased appetite; deficiency of progestin; late breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, excess estrogen that leads to edema
Side Effects: Excess progestin, weight gain from increased appetite; deficiency of progestin; late breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, excess estrogen that leads to edema
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Medroxyprogesterone (Provera) - female hormone
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Contraindication: smoking/tobacco products
RISKS: Thromboembolism and Cardiovascular complications
Interventions: use additional contraceptive measures with antibiotic therapy
RISKS: Thromboembolism and Cardiovascular complications
Interventions: use additional contraceptive measures with antibiotic therapy
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IM Injection Site
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locate dorsogluteal site
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Nausea - therapy
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Antiemetic plus cool damp cloth to forehead, neck and wrists
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Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
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Indication: Gout
Mechanism of Action: decreases serum uric acid levels and urinary uric acid secretion
Precaution: avoid foods that acidify urine such as CORN
Mechanism of Action: decreases serum uric acid levels and urinary uric acid secretion
Precaution: avoid foods that acidify urine such as CORN
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Tuberculosis (TB) multi-drug Therapy
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Isoniazid (INH)
Rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol - to deal with resistant strains
Rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol - to deal with resistant strains
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Lisinopril (Zestril) ACE Inhibitors
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Side Effects: dry/persistent cough for 1 to 2 weeks from increased bradykinin
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Synergistic drugs
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Effects of giving both drugs are more than the effect of individual drugs taken separately
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Furosemide (Lasix) - loop diuretics
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Intervention: Check Blood Pressure before giving to determine baseline.
Can cause decreased blood pressure due to decreased circulatory volume by relaxing venous smooth muscle.
Can cause decreased blood pressure due to decreased circulatory volume by relaxing venous smooth muscle.
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Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
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Indication: Prevent coronary artery thrombosis
Intervention: Check platelet count
Intervention: Check platelet count
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PRBC (packed red blood cells)
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Used as blood replacement when fluid overload is a concern
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IV (intravenous) medications
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Intervention: Assess site for redness and swelling before adminisration
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Collagenase (Santyl)
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USE: Debride Ulcers
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Interferon
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USE: Prevent viral replication
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Isotretinoin (Accutane)
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Contraindication: Pregnancy with two forms of birth control due to teratogenic effects
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Vaccine
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Advice of live versus attenuated or killed vaccine: long lasting active immunity versus partial (passive)
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Epoetin Alfa (Procrit)
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Indication: Treat anemia
Side Effects: Headache, Hypertension, seizures in relation to (Hct) hematocrit rises too quickly
Side Effects: Headache, Hypertension, seizures in relation to (Hct) hematocrit rises too quickly
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Urofollitropin (Fertinex)
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Dosage: administration IM based based in preceding cycles
Side Effect: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Side Effect: ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
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Hypertensive crisis
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Signs and Symptoms: Flushed skin, headache, visual changes
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Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
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Indication: Prevent liver damage following acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. Most effective if given shortly after ingestion; some protection up to 24 hours.
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Montelukast (Singulair)
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Indication: prevent asthma exacerbations
Dose: Daily at bedtime
Side Effects: Well tolerated
Dose: Daily at bedtime
Side Effects: Well tolerated
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Metoclopramide (Reglan)
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Has increased sedation when given with Morphine
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Mannitol (Osmitrol) - diuretics
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Caution with patients with heart disease. Can precipitate CHF and pulmonary edema
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Opiate Overdose
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Causes Respiratory Depression.
Narcan Antidote shorter acting. May need less than 1 dose
Narcan Antidote shorter acting. May need less than 1 dose
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Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
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Precaution: Avoid other CNS depressants such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, kava kava
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Anaphylaxis
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Signs and Symptoms: bronchoconstriction, angioedema, hypotension
