pH – Flashcards

a measure of acidity

pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a liquid solution is The H stands for hydrogen ion An ion is just an atom with either a positive or negative electrical charge For hydrogen, it is always positive (H+) For the chemists in the group, it is a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron, thus leaving a single proton

It could stand for "power" It could stand for "potenz" (power in German) It could stand for a complicated math concept known as the power of the negative logarithm

made with or of water.

apple juice.

have a measurable pH

Gasoline, nail polish remover, paint thinner, alcohol, plant oils, benzene

the h+ comes from many chemicals but H+ ions can come from water.

water is a molecule containing two hydrogen atoms connected to a common oxygen atom.

sometimes, the water molecule naturally splits apart , when taken place a hydrogen ion is made (H+)

in pure filtered water it happens rarely. for every 10 million water molecules in a sample of pure water, about 1 will split and form a single hydrogen ion.

yes it does but the concentration is very very low

7 or 7.0

As previously mentioned, for every 10,000,000 water molecules there is one H+ ion Check out this proportion

10,000,000 H2O over 1 H+ is equal (=) 1 h20 over .0000001h+

ANY aqueous solution that has a pH less than 7.0 is an acid

down to 0

bases also have hydrogen ions but the amounts are very small. a base is any aqueous solution that has a pH more than 7.0

bases

that is what makes a solution a base.

pure water has a pH of 7 both H+ ions and OH- ions are exactly the same if you take some water and dump in a bunch of extra H+ ions, you have an acid. if you take some water and dump in a bunch of extra OH- ions you have a base.

acids have more H+ than OH- ions bases have more OH- than H+ ions

..

can go from 7.35-7.45

if the blood drops below 7.35, one method of regulation is to "blow off" excess carbon dioxide gas from your lungs.

the body also has a buffer system in which excess acids can be "mopped up" a molecule called HCO3 acts as a buffer to "mop up" excess acids in the blood and neutralize them.

HCO3 is formed from CO2 dissolving in water. CO2+ H2O = H2CO3

if you ate a bunch of acidic foods, it could affect the pH of your blood. your blood get purified in the kidney. extra h+ ions can be strained out of the blood by the kidney and eliminated in your urine.

polypeptides are very long chains of amino acids and have a specific shape. each protein is unique. the shape is maintained by lots of hydrogen bonding between different parts of the molecule.

if the pH is lowered the extra H+ ions in the solution interfere with the hydrogen bonding. as a result the molecule changes shape and becomes non-functional.

proteins and enzymes need to function. if they dont you can die. things like pH change can cause them to undergo shape changes and become non-functional.

the pH of rain is about 5.3. the reason rain is acidic is because water drops in the air mix with carbon dioxide gas in the air and a weak acid is formed.

H

rain can become more acidic when the air is filled with pollution. when coal is burned in a power plant, one of the pollutants is a gas called sulfur trioxide. this gas mixes with water in the air to form another kind of acid.

in the lab, just dip one paper test strip into a solution so that it gets wet, pull it out and compare the color with the color chart provided.