Question 1

According to Rogers, what is the most common defense process?

Accepted Answer

distortion

Question 2

A man thinks of himself as an outstanding athlete. One day he watches some tennis players at his athletic club who are considerably better than he is. This information is threatening to his self Because the man is not fully functioning, Rogers might have expected him to do one of the following except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

accept that there are better tennis players than himself

Question 3

According to Maslow, an adult is likely to take care of which of the following needs first?

Accepted Answer

a steady income

Question 4

Which of the following is characteristic of the people Maslow identified as \"psychologically healthy\"?

Accepted Answer

They tend to be creative.

Question 5

You ask a person to provide a realprofile and an idealprofile with a QSort. Which correlation would you expect to find between the two profiles if the person is approaching fully functioning?

Accepted Answer

.60

Question 6

Which of the following concepts is generally accepted by advocates of the humanistic approach to psychology?

Accepted Answer

No one can know a therapy client better than the client himself or herself.

Question 7

Recent studies of psychotherapists have shown that

Accepted Answer

many report including aspects of person-centered therapy in their work.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about Abraham Maslow\'s background?

Accepted Answer

He was drawn to psychology by his interest in behaviorism.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct about subception, as described by Rogers?

Accepted Answer

It takes place at a level somewhere below consciousness.

Question 10

A woman tells a humanistic psychotherapist that she wants to leave an unhappy relationship, but that she can\'t. The therapist will probably set as a goal that the woman comes to understand that

Accepted Answer

she should take responsibility for her choice to stay in or leave the relationship.

Question 11

Adlai Stevenson once said, \"A hungry man is not a free man.\" What feature of the humanistic approach to personality does this reflect?

Accepted Answer

Maslow\'s hierarchy of needs

Question 12

There are several key elements of humanistic psychology. Each of the following is an element except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

identity crisis

Question 13

Which of the following is true about Carl Rogers\' background?

Accepted Answer

Before entering psychology, Rogers planned a career as a minister.

Question 14

Each of the following has been identified as a component of optimal experience except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

People around us recognize and respect our accomplishments.

Question 15

Which of the following does Rogers blame for our inability to incorporate new information into our self

Accepted Answer

conditional positive regard

Question 16

According to Maslow, the motive that results from a lack of some object is called a __________ motive.

Accepted Answer

deficiency

Question 17

Which of the following is a Rogerian psychotherapist likely to use during therapy?

Accepted Answer

rephrasing and reflecting clients\' words back to them

Question 18

Each of the following except one has been identified as a strength of the humanistic approach. Which one?

Accepted Answer

clearly defined concepts

Question 19

Maslow wrote that this was one of the most important means of selfas important as finding one\'s mate. What was he referring to?

Accepted Answer

one\'s career

Question 20

Emphasis on _________ in the 1960s provided fertile soil for the growth of humanistic psychology.

Accepted Answer

individuality

Question 21

Rogers and Freud provide distinctly opposite answers to the question of whether or not

Accepted Answer

a psychotherapist should explain to a client what the client really means.

Question 22

The humanistic approach to personality is most similar to

Accepted Answer

existential philosophy.

Question 23

There are many common misconceptions of Maslow\'s need hierarchy. Among them is the assumption that

Accepted Answer

our lower needs must be satisfied totally before we can turn to higher needs.

Question 24

A boy hits his younger sister. What might a Rogerian therapist recommend the parents say to the child?

Accepted Answer

I love you, but I do not like it when you hit your sister.

Question 25

The use of the Q-Sort technique of personality assessment fits nicely with Rogers\'s theory of personality because

Accepted Answer

clients know themselves best.

Question 26

After a woman has more or less satisfied all of the needs on Maslow\'s hierarchy except the last one. What need will now have a strong influence on her behavior?

Accepted Answer

the need to develop her full potential, to be her true self

Question 27

The \"third force\" in psychology was developed in part to promote a view of humankind different from the ones presented by the

Accepted Answer

psychoanalytic and behaviorism approaches.

Question 28

Maslow wrote that this was one of the most important means of selfas important as finding one\'s mate. What was he referring to?

Accepted Answer

one\'s career

Question 29

Research suggests that people are most likely to have \"flow\" experiences when they

Accepted Answer

are working at their jobs.

Question 30

According to Rogers, there is a proper therapeutic relationship between therapist and client to achieve success. This relationship includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

unconditional positive regard

Question 31

Rogers recommended that therapists use a process of reflection. By this he meant that they should

Accepted Answer

rephrase and translate vague feelings expressed by clients into more precise words.

Question 32

Psychologists use shaping because of which limitation of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

One must wait for the organism\'s response before it can be rewarded or punished.

Question 33

A man launches a campaign to change a law he does not like. According to Rotter, whether the man persists at this campaign depends on if

Accepted Answer

he expects to be reinforced for his behavior.

Question 34

The behavioral approach to personality postulates that personality is

Accepted Answer

the consistent patterns of behavior we engage in.

Question 35

Which of the following was not advocated by John B. Watson?

Accepted Answer

Subjective inner feelings can be studied through scientific methods.

Question 36

Every time a boy visited his grandfather, he would pass a house with a large dog in the yard. Each time the dog would bark and scare the boy. Years later, the boy becomes anxious whenever he visits his grandfather, even though the dog is no longer there. The boy learned to become anxious in this situation through which process

Accepted Answer

classical conditioning

Question 37

Edward Thorndike observed cats learning to escape from boxes to obtain a piece of fish. He derived from these observations the \"law of effect.\" This was an early statement of

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning.

Question 38

Tony\'s mother wants him to learn to play with other children. She begins by offering him a quarter whenever he plays with other children near by, even if he plays by himself. Later she gives him a quarter only when he plays on the same playground equipment other children are playing on. Finally, she gives him a quarter only if he actually plays with the other children. Tony\'s mother is demonstrating how to use

Accepted Answer

shaping.

Question 39

Early social learning theorists introduced the notion of behavior-behavior interactions. By this they meant that

Accepted Answer

the environment influences our behavior, and our behavior influences the kind of environment we find ourselves in.

Question 40

A behavior modification therapist wants his client to record for a week how often and under what circumstances the client bites his fingernails. The therapist is using which assessment procedure?

Accepted Answer

self-monitoring

Question 41

From his observations of cats escaping from a \"puzzle box\" to obtain a piece of fish, Thorndike developed a theory that is known as

Accepted Answer

the law of effect.

Question 42

Which of the following statements is a not correct?

Accepted Answer

In most cases punishment is the most effective way to reduce an unwanted behavior.

Question 43

Researchers sometimes use secondconditioning. This means that they

Accepted Answer

use a newly created stimulusassociation as part of a new classical conditioning procedure.

Question 44

Watson paired a loud noise with the appearance of a white rat to create a fear of the animal in a boy known as Little Albert. Watson performed this experiment to demonstrate that

Accepted Answer

phobias can develop through classical conditioning.

Question 45

Bandura\'s concept of reciprocal determinism is different from Skinner\'s radical behaviorism in that radical behaviorism

Accepted Answer

uses a onemodel in which external events cause behavior.

Question 46

John\'s mother wants her son to stop crying every time something goes wrong. Following a psychologist\'s advice, she stops running to comfort John whenever the boy starts crying over some minor incident. After a few weeks, she notices that John cries much less often than he used to. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

extinction.

Question 47

The conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Watson and Rayner\'s experiment with a baby known as Little Albert were, respectively,

Accepted Answer

a white rat and a loud noise.

Question 48

A woman complains to her therapist that lately she hasn\'t \"felt like herself.\" The therapist plans to use a behavior modification treatment by altering the rewards and punishments in the woman\'s environment. What is likely to be the first step the therapist takes in setting up this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Define the woman\'s problem in terms of observable behaviors.

Question 49

Which of the following is advocated by Bandura in his social-cognitive theory?

Accepted Answer

Most behavior is performed in the absence of external reinforcements and punishments.

Question 50

Critics of behaviorism have raised each of the following points except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic procedures derived from conditioning principles have been found to be ineffective.

Question 51

According to the behaviorist position, why don\'t classically conditioned phobias extinguish after the pairing is removed?

Accepted Answer

The fear and associated behaviors, such as running away from the feared object, often are reinforced.

Question 52

Which of the following best represents B. F. Skinner\'s position on subjective introspection?

Accepted Answer

Rarely, if ever, are people able to determine the cause of their behavior through subjective introspection.

Question 53

Children in one study observed a model acting aggressively against a Bobo doll. The children were then given an opportunity to imitate the model on their own, followed by an opportunity to demonstrate the aggressive acts for rewards. The study was designed to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

the distinction between learning and performance.

Question 54

According to Bandura, behavior modification procedures

Accepted Answer

provide people with a method to change themselves once they have decided to do so.

Question 55

According to Rotter, all of the following are psychological variables that must be considered to account for behavior except one. Which one?

Accepted Answer

personality disorders

Question 56

Token economy treatment programs are based on what concept?

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning

Question 57

What did Watson use to explain human behavior?

Accepted Answer

classical and operant conditioning

Question 58

A tennis coach works with players to improve the accuracy of their backhand stroke with successive attempts to produce more hits on target each week of the season. The coach is using a form of conditioning known as

Accepted Answer

shaping.

Question 59

As a child, Mary always had an unpleasant time whenever she visited her cousins. In addition, most of the times she visited her aunt would serve meatloaf for dinner. As an adult, Mary hates meatloaf. If her dislike of meatloaf were classically conditioned, the meatloaf would be the

Accepted Answer

conditioned stimulus.

Question 60

Which of the following treatments for problem behaviors would be an application of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

biofeedback

Question 61

A teacher places a check mark on the chalkboard next to Henry\'s name whenever Henry speaks out in class without raising his hand. If Henry receives three check marks in one day, he gets no recess the following day. The teacher is using

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning.

Question 62

Aversion therapy is based on which concept?

Accepted Answer

classical conditioning

Question 63

Critics of behaviorism point out that

Accepted Answer

there are limits on the usefulness and effectiveness of basic conditioning principles.

Question 64

Bandura argued there are internal determinants as well as external causes of behavior. Which of the following is not an internal influence?

Accepted Answer

experiences

personality exam 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards