Personal Health: Block 3, Chapter 7: Mental Health and Disorders – Flashcards
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True or false: When tokens are given in treatment for mental illness as a reward for appropriate behavior, it is referred to as a "token economy"
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True
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Which of the following are psychological causes of eating disorders?
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-Low self-esteem -Anxiety -Depression
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In 2006, the CDC reported over 50,000 combined deaths from homicide and _____
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Suicide
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Match the definition with the appropriate phobia
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-Acrophobia: Fear of heights -Autophobia: Fear of being alone -Claustrophobia: Fear of being in closed spaces -Hydrophobia: Fear of water -Microphobia: Fear of microbes -Muscophobia: Fear of mice -Pharmacophobia: Fear of taking medicine
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A simple paradigm to describe behavior shows that behavior is either need-directed or goal-oriented. Arrange the steps of the paradigm in the correct order of occurrence.
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1. Identifying a need or goal 2. Displaying an instrumental behavior to meet a need 3. Achieving a goal due to an instrumental behavior 4. Getting relief
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Which of the following are interacting dimensions of mental health?
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-Body -Culture -Mind
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A relatively new classification of eating disorder characterized by overeating as a response to frustration and conflict is called _____ eating disorder
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Binge
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The second leading cause of death for people between 15 and 34 is
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Homicide
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Match the perspectives that are used to discuss abnormal behavior with their descriptions.
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-Medical perspective: It is grounded in the physiological reasons for a condition -Psychodynamic perspective: It contends that disorders are a result of psychological conflicts and represent a means of coping with these conflicts
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Based on Abraham Maslow's (1970) hierarchy of needs, arrange the levels of needs starting from the most basic level. Place the most basic level at the top.
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1. Physiological needs 2. Safety 3. Belonging and love 4. Self-esteem 5. Self-actualization
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Which of the following are characteristics of individuals with good mental health?
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-They make their own decisions -They can laugh at themselves with others -They feel good about themselves
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What is the simplest response to unmet needs?
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Anger
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An approach to psychotherapy in which clients imagine and deal with their worst fears in a safe environment with a therapist is known as _____
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Implosive therapy
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A fear of a specific event, object, or situation is called a _____
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Phobia
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Match each mental health term with its definition.
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-Behavior: How someone acts -Motivation: Something that leads to a behavior -Self-concept: A set of core beliefs and values -Self-esteem: How one feels about core qualities and attributes
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What are the effects of schizoid personality disorder?
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-Limited emotions in interpersonal relations -Extreme detachment from social situations
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Which of the following are the symptoms of a schizotypal disorder?
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-Being suspicious of others -Exhibiting of bizarre behaviors and beliefs about the world
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A mood disorder often referred to as "manic-depressive illness" is called _____ disorder
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Bipolar
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is a condition characterized by repetition of the same act over and over again (_____) as a response to persistent unwanted thoughts or images (_____)
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Compulsion Obsession
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Match the terms related to mental health with their descriptions.
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-Assertiveness: Being very open and honest about declaring rights -Aggressiveness: Forceful behavior with the intent to dominate
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Which of the following is not a symptom of anxiety?
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Depression
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Which of the following are symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
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-Fear of being fat when at or below normal body weight -Distorted body image
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Benjamin, a psychotherapist, treats his clients using humanistic therapies. He should ensure that these therapies focus on _____.
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Conscious thoughts and present times as opposed to psychodynamic
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Match the components of the term "psychosomatic" with their meanings.
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-Psyche: The mind -Soma: The body
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A defense mechanism that is characterized by selective forgetting is called _____
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Repression
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Which psychotherapy creates a warm, supportive environment in which people feel accepted and can reveal their true feelings?
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Person-centered
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Which of the following are symptoms of major depression?
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-Appetite and weight change -Severe sleep disturbances -Thoughts of death or suicide
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Which of the following are causes of violence in the U.S.?
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-Stress -Poverty
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Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain are characteristic of _____ nervosa
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Bulimia
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In _____ therapy, clients are placed in a real-life situation that they fear, normally accompanied by a psychotherapist
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Flooding
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Match the factors with their examples.
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-Psychological factors: Lack of control in life -Interpersonal factors: History of physical and sexual abuse -Social factors: Cultural preferences that value obtaining the perfect body
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Which factors related to eating disorders glorify thinness and place value on obtaining the "perfect body?"
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Social
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Alfred, a psychotherapist, monitors his client's body functioning to provide the client with information about his or her condition. Alfred uses an approach to psychotherapy called _____
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Biofeedback
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Match the types of schizophrenia with the scenarios that illustrate them.
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-Paranoid schizophrenia: Mia experiences delusions and auditory hallucinations -Catatonic schizophrenia: Cynthia exhibits excessive inactivity -Disorganized schizophrenia: Sean laughs and cries extremely at unsuitable times
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A type of psychotherapy for husbands and wives to assist them in building a more productive relationship is referred to as
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Marital therapy
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The extremes of mood disorders are which of the following?
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-Depression -Mania
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Which of the following are used to assess mental health?
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-Level of communication skills -Ability to cope with and/or adapt to adversity -Level of self-esteem
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A severe personality disorder that involves distorted thoughts and perceptions, atypical communication, inappropriate emotions, abnormal motor behavior, and social withdrawal is known as _____
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Schizophrenia
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The state of being energized to perform a task is referred to as _____
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Motivation
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What are common personality disorders?
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-Schizotypal disorder -Schizoid personality disorder -Paranoid personality disorder
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_____ schizophrenia is a condition in which at least one episode of schizophrenia has occurred, but there are currently no prominent psychotic symptoms.
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Residual
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Expressing one's frustration by attacking another target is a defense mechanism known as _____
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Displacement
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Extreme distrust and suspicion of others characterize _____ personality disorder
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Paranoid
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Identify a true statement about psychodrama, which is an approach to psychotherapy
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It uses role-playing strategies including role reversal
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Identify a true statement about dysthymia
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It impairs mental functioning to some degree
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Which of the following are interpersonal causes of eating disorders?
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-History of being teased or ridiculed -Troubled family and personal relationships -History of physical or sexual abuse
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Benedict, a psychotherapist, plans to use systematic desensitization as an approach to psychotherapy. Which of the following are the principles he should use as part of systematic desensitization?
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-Principle of relaxation -Principle of visualization
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A defense mechanism in which people accuse another person of the same unacceptable behaviors that they have displayed is called _____ formation
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Projection
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According to Durkhein, _____ suicide refers to ending one's life as a response to not being able to assimilate into a group or society
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Egoistic
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Match the type of treatment with the appropriate mental health issue.
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-Biomedical: Involves the use of drug therapies -Electroconvulsive: Procedure in which electrodes administer shock -Psychotherapy: Therapy involving trained professionals
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Edward, a psychotherapist, uses existential therapy to treat his clients. As part of the therapy, he should _____
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Emphasize a client's free will to help him or her develop insight and self-understanding
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Which psychotherapy has clients watch another person perform the feared behavior and, with the help of the therapist, copy that behavior?
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Modeling
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Overwhelming attacks of fear are known as _____ disorders
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Panic
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What is the name for the stable set of beliefs about one's qualities and attributes?
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Self-concept
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Which of the following are steps that can be taken to prevent suicide if you notice warning signs?
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-Try not to act shocked by what the person says -Let the person know you are deeply concerned -Listen attentively to what the person has to say -Comfort the person with words of encouragement
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Which of the following are used as part of an approach to psychotherapy called systematic desensitization?
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-Principle of relaxation -Principle of visualization
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Chemical messengers secreted by the body are called _____
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Hormones
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_____ schizophrenics are constantly on guard and convinced that others are plotting against them
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Paranoid
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Which of the following are basic physiological needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?
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-Shelter -Food
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True or false: Violence represents a choice and can be the response to frustration, tension, and/or conflict
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True
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Caroline, a psychotherapist, uses feminist therapy to treat her clients. She should ensure that the therapy _____
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Focuses on the role of society and the role of discrimination in daily life
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Feelings of worthlessness, indecisiveness, guilt, sadness, and apprehension indicate _____
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Depression
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Which form of psycotherapy uses principles of social learning to assist people in forming accurate perceptions of their feelings and themselves?
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Behavior
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A type of psychotherapy that teaches clients to understand the irrationality of their thoughts or behaviors is called _____ therapy
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Cognitive
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Sophia experiences delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior. She does not show any other specific symptoms of schizophrenia. She can be typically classified as a(n) _____
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Undifferentiated schizophrenic
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Which of the following are types of depressive illness?
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-Bipolar -Dysthymia
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What are the common personality disorders?
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-Schizoid personality disorder -Paranoid personality disorder -Schizotypal disorder
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An elevated mood in which the person appears extremely excitable and hyperactive, makes grandiose and incomprehensible statements, and has rambling thoughts characterizes _____.
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Mania
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Excessive worry and concern that is extremely unpleasant and involves apprehension, fear, and panic is _____
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Anxiety
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Which of the following are warning signs of suicide?
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-Inability to concentrate or study -Withdrawal from family and friends -Acting compulsively
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Who among the following shows a symptom of disorganized schizophrenia?
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Ian, who has inappropriate patterns of speech, mood, and movements
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Based on the classification of suicides by Emile Durkheim, which of the following occurs when a person or group that provided a sense of security no longer exists?
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An anomic suicide
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A form of psychotherapy directed at families is _____ therapy
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Family
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Who among the following suffers from a common personality disorder?
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Dan, who has schizotypal disorder
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Seasonal _____ Disorder is a type of depression experienced only during a specific season, such as winter
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Affective
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Which type of suicide refers to taking one's life to advance a cause or ideal?
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Altruistic
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How one feels, good or bad, about one's qualities and attributes is known as
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Self-esteem
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Support groups that assist people in displaying behaviors to reduce the risk of recidivism to a previous problem are known as _____-help groups
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Self
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When life becomes so difficult that a person perceives _____ as the only choice, this choice represents the ultimate defeat
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Suicide
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Personal and social problems are related to mental health and have a
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-Biological component -Social component -Psychological component
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A client experiences unpleasant stimuli after behaving undesirably as part of an approach to psychotherapy called _____
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Aversive conditioning
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A psychotherapist teams up clients and uses strategies to promote self-awareness and trust of others. The psychotherapist primarily uses an approach to psychotherapy called _____
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Sensitivity groups
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A type of treatment for mental illness that applies psychotherapeutic principles to a group is called _____ therapy
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Group
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Which word refers to "how someone acts?"
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Behavior
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Simply not acknowledging that there is frustration or conflict is known as _____
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Denial
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A mental disorder that is characterized by constant and uncontrollable worry or concern about everything is known as _____
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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One should seek professional help for a college roommate if they experience which of the following factors?
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-More than five of the symptoms of depression -Symptoms that last for two weeks or longer
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Amy, a psychotherapist, uses gestalt therapy to treat her clients. As part of the therapy, she should ensure that _____
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Role-playing and confrontation are employed
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The successful performance of mental functions resulting in productive activities is called _____ health
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Mental
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Which of the following are symptoms of anxiety?
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-Racing heart -Hyperactivity -Insomina
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Which of the following statements are true about personality disorders?
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-They impair social and academic function -They cause personal distress
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Ashley, a psychotherapist, teams up her clients and uses confrontational strategies to allow them to express true feelings. Ashley uses an approach to psychotherapy called _____
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Encounter groups
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In the context of the approaches to psychotherapy, a true statement about psychodynamic therapies is that they _____
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Involve free association and dream analysis
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A procedure in which electrodes administer shocks to the patient, who experiences a seizure and then lapses into unconsciousness, is known as _____ therapy
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Electroconvulsive
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Which is the proper sequence of the simple behavior paradigm?
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Goal, instrumental behavior, goal reached, relief
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Which anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent frightening thoughts, feelings, and memories that interfere with one's life?
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
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One's conscious state of how he or she perceives himself or herself is termed _____
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Ego
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Which of the following are the extremes of bipolar disorder?
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-Depression -Mania
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Groups of persistent behaviors that impair social, academic, or professional functioning or cause personal distress are known as _____ disorders
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Personality
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Making excuses for one's need not being met is a type of defense mechanism termed _____
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Rationalization
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Which of the following are symptoms of bulimia nervosa?
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-Regular self-induced vomiting -Strict dieting or exercise to prevent weight gain -Complete loss of control during eating binges
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_____ is an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation, excessive thinness, and a distorted body image
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Anorexia nervosa
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Abraham _____ developed a hierarchy of needs that describes the motivations for behavior
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Maslow
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Retaining the same posture for long periods of time is a symptom shown by a person who has _____ schizophrenia
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Catatonic
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Anorexia claims the lives of approximately what percentage of those experiencing it?
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4%-25%
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Personal and social problems related to mental health and having numerous components of origin include which of the following?
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-Suicide -Eating disorders -Violence
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Kate is angry with her coworker Johnson, but she is friendly and polite toward him. This scenario illustrates a defense mechanism called _____
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Reaction formation
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The group of mental disorders related to excessive worry and concern is referred to as _____ disorders
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Anxiety
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Which of the following are reasons for death from eating disorders?
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-Kidney failure -Suicide
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Which of the following apply to homicide?
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-Leading cause of death for African Americans between 15 and 34 -Second leading cause of death for people between 15 and 34
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Which of the following are true in regards to depression?
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-It causes many personal problems -It is a long-lasting state -It causes many professional problems
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Which of the following are examples of Durkheim's three types of suicide?
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-Altruistic -Anomic -Egoistic
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The extent to which one binge drinks may be directly related to
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Coping problems
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In the context of the approaches to psychotherapy, identify a true statement about psychodynamic therapies
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They use Freudian insight therapies
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Unmet needs relating to self-esteem and perception of body image can lead to _____ disorders
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Eating
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Which of the following are true regarding violence?
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-It is largely preventable -It is a serious mental health issue
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Depression becomes a mental disorder when
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-It is debilitating -It is chronic and long-lasting
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Which of the following are examples of a psychosomatic illness?
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-Insomnia -Weight loss -Back or chest pain
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Mental and personality disorders are complex, and the diagnosis of such disorders is rooted in which perspectives?
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-Medical -Psychodynamic
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Unmet needs are often responded to with _____ mechanisms
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Defense
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Identify a true statement about depression, which is usually a precursor to suicide
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It has a strong biological basis
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True or false: The use of defense mechanisms is always a healthy and normal reaction to stress
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False
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Caused by an inability to deal with conflict and frustration, _____ is a serious mental health issue and largely preventable
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Violence
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Which of the following are good examples of aggressive behavior being used as a counterproductive response to conflict?
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-Domestic violence -Homicide -Child abuse
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Which of the following is the best response if a person talks about committing suicide with a firearm?
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Call the police so that they may remove the firearm
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According to the CDC, _____ costs the U.S. more than $224 billion a year in medical care, rehabilitation, and loss of productivity
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Violence
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An individual committing suicide after the loss of a parent or partner is an example of which type of suicide?
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Anomic
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Students taking their lives after having severe difficulty fitting into the college environment is an example of what type of suicide?
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Egoistic
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Which cultural or social institutions have been shown to have a positive influence on mental health?
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-Volunteer groups -Churches -Support groups
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Which of the following is the best response when you perceive a person is at high risk for committing suicide?
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Seek help without leaving the person alone
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What is the primary difference between bulimia and binge eating disorder?
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Bulimia involves purging after overeating
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People who display the characteristics of good mental health
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-Are good problem solvers -Accept responsibility -Are well-balanced
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Which of the following are examples of how culture potentially influences one's mental health?
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-Difficulty in relationships at school -Failure to attain financial security -Being judged as less attractive than others
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Mental or emotional problems can be diagnosed and properly treated by which methods?
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-Medications -Counseling
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Which of the following is a true statement?
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Violent behavior and mental health are not necessarily related
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Which of the following are personal and social problems related to mental health?
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-Violence -Drug abuse -Suicide
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What do bulimia and binge eating disorder have in common?
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Both involve overeating
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Which of the following are typical responses to unmet needs?
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-Denial -Rationalization
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Which of the following responses are normal when needs are not met?
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-Frustration -Conflict
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Which of the following are examples of the mind/body relationship that impacts one's mental health?
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-The fight-or-flight response -Anger and the release of hormones -Depression and neurotransmitters
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According to Maslow, what condition must be met before one can attain self-actualization?
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All other needs
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According to Maslow and most health authorities, people's behaviors are motivated by their
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Needs
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According to Maslow's hierarchy, if basic needs are met, people tend to
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Be motivated by needs higher in the hierarchy
