Period 4 AP World History – Flashcards
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Absolutism
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A political system in which a ruler has complete power and authority.
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Astrolabe
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Instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position of the stars
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Atlantic Slave Trade
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the buying, transporting, and selling of africans for work in the americas
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Balance of Power
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distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong
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Biological Diffusion
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the spread of life in the world, or the spreadof chemicals
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Boyars
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Russian landholding aristocrats; possessed less political power than their western European counterparts
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Codices
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Maya texts, long strips of paper, many meters in length when unfolded, made of the pounded inner bark of certain trees; these texts helped analysts interpret Maya hieroglyphics on stelae.
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Colonies/ Colonization/ Colonial Administration
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movement or spread of people into colonies, government set up in colonies to watch over them and collect taxes
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Columbian Exchange
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the exchange of plants, animals, diseases and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages
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Conduits
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a pipe, channel, for conveying fluids
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Conquistadores
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Spanish 'conqueror' or soldier in the New World. They were searching for the 3-G's: gold, God, and glory
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Creoles/ Criollos
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in Spanish colonial society, a colonist who was born in Latin America to Spanish parents
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Debt Peonage
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A system that bound laborers into slavery in order to work off a debt to the employer
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Devshirme
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Ottoman policy of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers
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Dhimmi
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Literally "people of the book"; applied as inclusive term to Jews and Christians in Islamic territories; later extended to Zoroastrians and even Hindus & Buddhists
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Divine Right
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the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God
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Encomienda
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system in Spanish America that gave settlers the right to tax local Indians or to demand their labor in exchange for protecting them and teaching them their skills
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Enlightenment
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a philosophical movement of the 18th century, characterized by belief in the power of human reason and by innovations in political, religious, and educational doctrine
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Hacienda
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A large estate or ranch in Spanish-speaking countries
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Harem
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Living quarters reserved for wives and concubines and female relatives in a Muslim household
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Indentured Servitude
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person who agreed to work for a colonial employer for a specified time in exchange for passage to america.
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Janissaries
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Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan
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Joint-Stock Companies
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Literacy
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Local Resistance (e.g. food riots, samurai revolts, Peasant uprisings)
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Manila Galleons
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Maroon
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Mercantile Practices/ Mercantilism
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Mestizo
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Mulattoes
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Middles Passage
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