People Who Contributed- History of Medicine – Flashcards
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Primitive Times
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Illness and disease was a punishment from the Gods and witch doctors used herbs and plants as medicine.
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Egyptians
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Earliest people known to maintain accurate health records.
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Chinese
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Used acupunture to relive pain and congestion.
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Ancient Greeks
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The first to believe that disease was a result of natural causes.
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Romans
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Began public health and sanitation system
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Dark Ages
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The first part of the Middle Ages from around 500-1000 A.D. Emphasis based on saving the soul; study of medicine was prohibited.
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Middle Ages
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The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance. During this time, the bubonic plague killed 75% of the people in Europe and Asia.
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Renaissance
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The period of the rebirth of learning in Europe between about 1300 and 1600. Rebirth of the science of medicine.
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Hippocrates
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Medical practitioner who is regarded as the father of medicine
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Invented the microscope.
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Edward Jenner
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Developed a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
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Ben Franklin
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Invented bifocals and found that colds could be passed from person to person
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Sir Alexander Fleming
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Discovered penicillin in 1928
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Rene Laenec
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Invented the stethescope
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Elizabeth Blackwell
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First woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.
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Florence Nightingale
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Founder of modern nursing
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Louis Pasteur
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French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)
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Joseph Lister
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English surgeon who was the first to use antiseptics (1827-1912)
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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First to study and record the human body through pictures and paintings. He was a scientist, inventor, and artist.
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Gabriel Fahrenheit
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Created the first mercury thermometer
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Gregory Mendel
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Established the patterns of heredity
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Robert Koch
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Father of Microbiology
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William Harvey
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English physician and scientist who described the circulation of the blood
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Wilhelm Roentgen
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Discovered x-rays in 1895
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Sigmund Freud
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Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis
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Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin
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Discovered polio vaccine in 1952; saved many people from the virus that paralyzed thousands of adults and children each year.
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Francis Crick and James Watson
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Discovered double helix structure of DNA in 1953
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Christian Barnard
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Performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968.
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Clara Barton
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Nurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross
