Penile Cancer – Flashcards
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Penile Cancer
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A disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the tissues of the penis.
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The Penis
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A rod-shaped male reproductive organ that passes sperm and urine from the body.
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Tissue found in the penis
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Spongy tissue with blood vessels that fill with blood to make an erection
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Corpora Cavernosa
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The two columns of erectile tissue that form most of the penis.
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Corpus Spongiosum
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The single column of erectile tissue that forms a small portion of the penis. The ______ surrounds the urethra (the tube through which urine and sperm pass from the body.)
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Human papillomavirus infection
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This virus may increase the risk of developing Penile Cancer
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Risk Factor
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Anything that increases your chance of getting a disease
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Circumcision
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May help prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV)
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Circumcision
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An operation in which the doctor removes part or all of the foreskin from the penis.
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Being age 60 or older Having Phimosis (a condition in which the foreskin of the penis cannot be pulled back over the glans) Having poor personal hygiene Having many sexual partners Using tobacco products
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All of these are risk factors for Penile Cancer
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Sores, discharge, bleeding
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Possible signs of Penile Cancer
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Redness, irritattion, or a sore on the penis. A lump on the penis
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Signs of Penile Cancer
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Physical exam and history Biopsy
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Used to detect and diagnose penile cancer
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Biopsy
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The removal of cells or tissues so they can be viewed under a microscope by a pathologist to check for signs of cancer.
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Surgery
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_____ is the most common treatment for all stages of penile cancer
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Mohs Microsurgery
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A procedure in which the tumor is cut from the skin in thin layers.
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Laser Surgery
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A surgical procedure that uses a laser beam as a knife to make bloodless cuts in tissue
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Cryosurgery or Cryotherapy
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A treatment that uses an instrument to freeze and destroy abnormal tissue
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Circumcision
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Surgery to remove part or all of the foreskin of the penis
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Wide Local Excision
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Surgery to remove only the cancer and some normal tissues around it
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Amputation of the penis
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Surgery to remove part or all of the penis
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Partial Penectomy
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Part of the penis is removed
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Total Penectomy
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All of the penis is removed
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Adjuvant Therapy
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Treatment given after the surgery, to lower the risk that the cancer will come back. Ex. Chemotherapy, Radiation
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Radiation Therapy
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A cancer treatment that uses high energy x-rays or other tpyes of radiation to kill cancer cells or keep them from growing
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External Radiation Therapy
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A machine outside the body to send radiation toward the cancer
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Internal Radiation Therapy
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Uses a radioactive substance sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters that are placed directly into or near the cancer.
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Chemotherapy
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A cancer treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing
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Systemic Chemotherapy
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Chemotherapy taken by mouth or injected into a muscle
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Topical Chemotherapy
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Chemo placed directly onto the skin
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Biological Therapy Biotherapy Immunotherapy
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A treatment that uses the patients immune system to fight cancer. Substances made by the body or made in a laboratory are used to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against cancer.
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Radiosensitizers
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Drugs that make tumor cells more sensitive to radiation therapy
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Sentinel lymph node biopsy is the removal of the sentinel lymph node during surgery. The sentinel lymph node is the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor. It is the first lymph node the cancer is likely to spread to from the tumor.
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What is a sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by surgery
