PEDS: Occupational Therapy – Flashcards
97 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 97question
what are fine motor skills precursors to development of?
answer
-literacy -numeracy -self help skills (toileting, dressing)
Unlock the answer
question
what is the number one problem identified as reason for referral to OT for a school aged child?
answer
handwriting
Unlock the answer
question
3 main factors that influence fine motor skills?
answer
experience postural control/stability sensory awareness
Unlock the answer
question
what could cause fine motor development to be delayed?
answer
child does not have experiences that help develop musculature or exposure to fine motor activities
Unlock the answer
question
the activity of maintaining, achieving, or restoring a state of balance during an activity or posture?
answer
postural control/stability
Unlock the answer
question
what could poor postural control result in?
answer
-fatigue -disengagement
Unlock the answer
question
what is required to achieve effective hand use and manipulation?
answer
stable seated posture
Unlock the answer
question
what provides a solid base of support from which the arms and the legs are free to move with precision and control?
answer
stable core
Unlock the answer
question
what do core muscles stabilize?
answer
-shoulder girdle -spine -pelvis
Unlock the answer
question
understanding where your body parts are and what position they are in without visual feedback?
answer
body awareness
Unlock the answer
question
why does poor body awareness impact fine motor development?
answer
child does not have a clear pic of where their body is or how it has to move in space to complete a task
Unlock the answer
question
where must there be strength, stability, and mobility for the hands to work well?
answer
shoulders and forearms
Unlock the answer
question
what is an important component for having precise finger control?
answer
wrist stability
Unlock the answer
question
what happens if the arm and hand are slow to develop or are weak?
answer
may cause incoordination
Unlock the answer
question
what directs the skilled movement of the fingers and controls the power of your grasp?
answer
arches
Unlock the answer
question
when do arches of the hands begin to develop most?
answer
when infants start to crawl with WB on hands
Unlock the answer
question
what facilitates separation of the sides of the hand? in what activities is this most obvious?
answer
-holding an object between thumb and index finger and WB on pinky side of hand -writing and cutting
Unlock the answer
question
what does the action of crawling assists in forming?
answer
spinal curves
Unlock the answer
question
how does crawling help develop vision?
answer
-baby looks ahead, back at target, back at hands -develops eye muscles and binocular vision
Unlock the answer
question
why does crawling help with cross lateral integration in the brain?
answer
both sides of body have to work together
Unlock the answer
question
what is the most mature type of grasp?
answer
pincer
Unlock the answer
question
requires coordinated finger movements and shaping of hand to pick up and hold objects of different shapes and sizes?
answer
grasp
Unlock the answer
question
grasp that uses the tip of the index finger and thumb to allow a child to pick up small objects?
answer
pincer grasp
Unlock the answer
question
by what age should a pincer grasp be established?
answer
12 months
Unlock the answer
question
ability to rotate your thumb to touch each finger tip on the same hand?
answer
thumb opposition
Unlock the answer
question
what kind of webspace is important for holding writing and drawing tools correctly?
answer
open web space
Unlock the answer
question
what grip allows for greatest precision and control of writing utensils and results in less stress on joints?
answer
writing tool held with fingertips and thumb tips with an open webspace
Unlock the answer
question
what 4 things does an efficient pencil grasp require?
answer
1. thumb opposition 2. finger isolation 3. adequate strength 4. wrist stability
Unlock the answer
question
at what age would you see a cylindrical grasp?
answer
1-1.5 years
Unlock the answer
question
at what age would you see a digital grasp?
answer
2-3 years
Unlock the answer
question
at what age would you see a modified tripod grasp?
answer
3.5-4 yrs
Unlock the answer
question
at what age would you see a tripod grasp?
answer
4.5-7 yrs
Unlock the answer
question
what is the disadvantage of using a lateral tripod or lateral quadrupod grasp?
answer
less excursion
Unlock the answer
question
what are the normal mature pencil grasps?
answer
-dynamic tripod -dynamic quadrupod
Unlock the answer
question
benefits of quadrupod?
answer
more stability requires less intrinsic mm of hand
Unlock the answer
question
ability to use both arms/hands together in a coordinated way to complete a task? (i.e. walking, climbing stairs, playing instruments, stirring food in bowl, tools that require 2 hands)
answer
bilateral coordination
Unlock the answer
question
being able to coordinate both sides of the body is an indication of what?
answer
both sides of brain are communicating and sharing info
Unlock the answer
question
if a child switches hands to pick up and move objects or is unable to track objects from side to side, what could be the issue?
answer
hard time crossing midline
Unlock the answer
question
what is possibly the most complex fine motor skill?
answer
in hand manipulations
Unlock the answer
question
what are the three skills that are important to in hand manipulation?
answer
1. translation 2. shift 3. rotation
Unlock the answer
question
movement of objects between the palm and fingertips?
answer
translation
Unlock the answer
question
moving coins from the palm to the fingertips to place them into a vending machine slot?
answer
translation
Unlock the answer
question
moving objects between the fingers?
answer
shift
Unlock the answer
question
"walking" the fingers along the shaft of a pencil?
answer
shifting
Unlock the answer
question
turning of an object around using the pads of fingers?
answer
rotation
Unlock the answer
question
flipping a pencil around so its point end is where the eraser end was?
answer
rotation
Unlock the answer
question
what determines how effectively a child can coordinate the hand and fingers to complete fine motor tasks?
answer
in hand manipulation
Unlock the answer
question
when does hand dominance usually start to develop?
answer
between 2-4 years of age
Unlock the answer
question
at what age is hand dominance usually set?
answer
4-6 years
Unlock the answer
question
at what age should you begin to push hand dominance?
answer
6 years
Unlock the answer
question
what may be the first signs of a problem with visual motor coordination
answer
in elementary school: problems learning to write, draw simple pictures, & use classroom tools
Unlock the answer
question
total process responsible for the reception and cognition of visual stimuli?
answer
visual perception
Unlock the answer
question
process of extracting and organizing information from the environment?
answer
visual-receptive component
Unlock the answer
question
ability to interpret and use what is seen?
answer
visual cognitive component
Unlock the answer
question
allows person to make accurate judgments of the size, configuration, and spatial relationships of objects?
answer
visual perception
Unlock the answer
question
focus on an object at varying distances and should transition from near to far point?
answer
accommodation
Unlock the answer
question
ability to mentally combine the images from the two eyes into a single percept?
answer
binocular vision
Unlock the answer
question
binocular depth perception and 3-D vision?
answer
stereopsis
Unlock the answer
question
visualization is aka?
answer
visual imagery
Unlock the answer
question
ability to detect features of stimuli for recognition, matching, and categorization?
answer
visual discrimination
Unlock the answer
question
allows a person to take in and make sense of different kinds of sensations that come into the brain from different channels at the same time?
answer
sensory processing
Unlock the answer
question
ability to make appropriate responses to the incoming information is dependent on?
answer
sensory processing
Unlock the answer
question
what are the sensory systems?
answer
taste smell vision hearing touch vestibular proprioception interoception
Unlock the answer
question
a mature sense of organ function, hunger, heart beat...etc
answer
interoception
Unlock the answer
question
presentation of a child with low sensory threshold
answer
sensitive to touch, movement
Unlock the answer
question
presentation of a child with a high sensory threshold
answer
moves/climbs all over the place, touches everyone, etc
Unlock the answer
question
system that defines our body boundaries and differentiates light from pressure touch sensations?
answer
tactile
Unlock the answer
question
type of touch that has a rapid, diffuse, spreading effect that alerts the nervous system to be weary of possible danger?
answer
light touch
Unlock the answer
question
type of touch that calms the nervous system & good to treat tactile defensiveness?
answer
deep pressure
Unlock the answer
question
tactile system has a profound influence on our ability to?
answer
learn
Unlock the answer
question
what are the 2 possible types of tactile issues?
answer
1. discrimination issues 2. over responsitivity
Unlock the answer
question
information that is being constantly sent to the brain so it can keep track of where all our body parts are and what they are doing without our having to look at them?
answer
proprioception
Unlock the answer
question
what do you have issues with if you can't use your body to do the things you automatically want to do?
answer
proprioception
Unlock the answer
question
where are the proprioception receptors locate?
answer
-muscles -tendons -joints
Unlock the answer
question
where are the tactile receptors located?
answer
in and under the skin
Unlock the answer
question
where are the vestibular receptors located?
answer
inner ear
Unlock the answer
question
what is the function of the the vestibular receptors?
answer
sense movement of head in all planes
Unlock the answer
question
what does the sensory input we get through the vestibular system tell us?
answer
-whether we are still or moving -how fast we are moving -direction of movement
Unlock the answer
question
how does the vestibular system affect posture and movement?
answer
influences muscle tone
Unlock the answer
question
processes vestibular input along with information from the joints, skin, visual, and auditory receptors?
answer
vestibular nuclei
Unlock the answer
question
organizes impulse form the rest of the brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex?
answer
vestibular nuclei
Unlock the answer
question
difficulty interpreting the sensory information coming into the nervous system?
answer
sensory discrimination
Unlock the answer
question
what are the vestibular discrimination indicators?
answer
-postural control -muscle tone -vestibular seeking/avoiding -low PRN -balance
Unlock the answer
question
what are the proprioceptive discrimination indicators?
answer
-poor movement -seeking hard muscle contraction -clumsy -vision compensation
Unlock the answer
question
what are the tactile discrimination indicators?
answer
-poor localization of touch -poor recognition of types of touch -poor praxis -touch seeking -poor hand skills
Unlock the answer
question
adjust of neural messages that convey information about the intensity, frequency, duration, complexity, and novelty of sensory stimuli?
answer
neurophysiological sensory modulation
Unlock the answer
question
person does not over or under react to sensory experiences within context-adequate self regulation?
answer
behavioral sensory modulation
Unlock the answer
question
what are sensory modulation dysfunction indicators?
answer
-sensory seeking/avoiding -inappropriate arousal level -difficulty w/ self regulation
Unlock the answer
question
problems with anticipatory movement depend on feedforward?
answer
somatodyspraxia
Unlock the answer
question
somatodyspraxia has problems with movements that depend on what kinds of sensory feedback?
answer
-tactile -proprioceptive
Unlock the answer
question
if child is proprioceptive seeking?
answer
crashing jumping climb hang pulling running resistive chewing walks on tip toes stretching
Unlock the answer
question
if child is vestibular seeking
answer
rocking swinging rolling spinning head wagging fast vehicles
Unlock the answer
question
if child is tactile seeking?
answer
puts things in mouth pokes eyes/ears touches rubs fidgets items
Unlock the answer
