PECT module 2 practice test – Flashcards
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A kindergarten teacher has placed many signs around the classroom, including simple written directions (e.g., Please hang up coats!) and labels for objects (e.g., clock, Teacher's chair). During daily activities, the teacher regularly points to and reads aloud relevant signs. The teacher has also created a classroom library filled with age-appropriate books and has incorporated relevant signs and books into all the learning centers. These strategies are most effective in addressing which of the following goals related to effective instruction in emergent literacy?
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creating a print-rich environment
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At the beginning of the school year, a kindergarten teacher establishes a variety of classroom roles that rotate on a daily basis. The roles include Calendar Helper and Star of the Day. The Calendar Helper identifies and announces the day of the week, the date, and the day's weather, with teacher support if needed. The Star of the Day shares an object, talking briefly about the item and then answering three questions about it from classmates and/or the teacher. Regularly performing these types of classroom roles directly benefits students' emergent literacy development primarily by enhancing the students':
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ability to use a range of expressive language skills.
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In keeping with Pennsylvania's PreK-4 learning standards in language arts, which of the following writing skills would be most appropriate to include in language arts instruction at the first-grade level?
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revising writing by adding details or missing information
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A teacher delivering standards-based literacy instruction grounded in scientific- based reading research is most likely to use the results of reading assessments for which of the following purposes?
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using ongoing informal assessments to continually plan and modify individual students' reading goals and instruction
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A group of primary-grade teachers is reviewing potential core instructional materials for teaching beginning-reading skills. The most important selection criteria for the teachers to consider would be to ensure that the materials:
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are aligned with relevant state learning standards.
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Which of the following words contains a diphthong?
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boiled
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A prekindergarten teacher regularly writes students' comments on chart paper during whole-class discussions and rereads the comments to the class. This practice supports young children's emergent literacy development primarily by promoting their:
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awareness of the relationship between print and spoken language.
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A kindergarten teacher reads aloud a poem that contains alliteration in each line. The teacher reads the poem twice, each time emphasizing the alliteration. On the third reading, the teacher invites the children to repeat each line exactly as the teacher recited it. This activity is most effective in promoting the children's development in which of the following areas of emergent literacy?
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phonological awareness
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A third-grade student is having difficulty reading words and syllables that contain complex letter combinations, which is affecting her comprehension of grade-level texts. For example, the student reads the word stretch as [st] [rĕt] [ch] and the word pledge as [p] [lĕd] [guh]. Which of the following intervention strategies is likely to be most effective in addressing this student's reading difficulty and advancing her reading development?
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providing the student with instruction and practice decoding consonant clusters as chunks
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A second-grade student frequently makes errors such as reading the words taped as tapped, hoping as hopping, and shines as shins when reading aloud. Which of the following approaches to addressing the student's difficulty is likely to be most effective?
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providing the student with explicit review and practice reading and spelling CVCe words that contain inflectional endings
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A second-grade teacher is planning reading instruction at the beginning of the school year and would like to determine the entry-level skills of individual students in key areas of reading. Which of the following types of assessments would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to assess entering students' decoding skills?
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an informal phonics inventory
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Which of the following strategies would be most effective for a teacher to use as the introduction to a letter-formation lesson for a group of kindergarten students?
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demonstrating to students how to form the target letter in the air while stating the motions and then repeating the process as the students imitate the teacher
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A first-grade teacher plans a multisensory intervention for a student using a procedure called sound boxes. In this activity, the student places tokens such as pennies into boxes drawn on a piece of paper while slowly saying the sounds in a word. For example, for the word fan, the teacher would draw a horizontal rectangle and divide it into three boxes, giving the student three tokens. The student would say the word slowly (e.g., fffaaannn) and place a token into a box as he or she says each new sound in the word. This procedure is most likely designed to improve the student's ability to:
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segment words into phonemes.
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A kindergarten teacher is using direct instruction to teach new vocabulary to students. Which of the following strategies would best help students integrate the new words into their existing vocabulary?
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using the new words with students several times in different spoken contexts
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A prekindergarten teacher helps students memorize a poem and recite it chorally. The teacher could best use this activity to build a foundation for which of the following literacy skills?
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prosodic reading
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A second-grade teacher is beginning an integrated content-area unit on farming. As an introduction to the unit, the teacher helps students brainstorm words related to the concept of farming and guides students in creating a semantic map with the words. This activity best illustrates a strategy targeting which of the following essential components of effective vocabulary instruction?
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deepening and clarifying students' knowledge of known words
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A third-grade teacher has students create a KWL chart prior to reading an informational text about fossils. This strategy is likely to promote students' motivation and comprehension primarily in which of the following ways?
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by helping students establish a purpose for reading the text prior to reading
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A second-grade teacher is planning to read aloud a story to the class and would like to use this activity to reinforce and build on students' literary analysis skills. Which of the following strategies would likely be most appropriate and effective in achieving this goal at this grade level?
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guiding students to identify the main characters and major events in the story
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A third-grade teacher would like to monitor students' progress in meeting reading fluency benchmarks. Which of the following assessment strategies would be most appropriate and effective for the teacher to use for this purpose?
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measuring students' average rate and accuracy while they read aloud an unfamiliar grade-level passage
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A fourth-grade teacher would like to promote students' comprehension and critical analysis of literary texts by helping them draw more effective conclusions. The teacher could best achieve this goal by providing the students with explicit instruction and guided practice in:
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citing evidence from a text to support their responses to the text.
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Once a week, a second-grade teacher conducts a fluency check with each student. The teacher has the student read aloud an unfamiliar, appropriate-level passage for one minute as the teacher notes errors on a separate copy of the passage. The teacher calculates the number of words the student read correctly during that minute, and both the teacher and the student maintain charts of the student's weekly progress. This type of activity primarily focuses on which of the following aspects of reading fluency?
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rate
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A third-grade teacher would like to develop students' ability to understand and use longer sentence structures and academic vocabulary. Which of the following instructional practices would be most effective to use for this purpose during a class discussion of a reading passage?
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using restatement and open-ended questions to clarify and extend students' remarks about the passage
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As part of a science unit on earth systems, a fourth-grade teacher will have students watch an instructional video about the water cycle. Before viewing, the teacher conducts a brief guided discussion related to the content of the video, using questions such as "What are some ways water moves from place to place on, above, and below the earth's surface?" The teacher's strategy will likely enhance students' comprehension of the video primarily in which of the following ways?
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by relating the content to prior knowledge and engaging students in actively listening for information
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At the beginning of an inquiry-based multidisciplinary unit on birds of the region, a first-grade teacher creates a display in the classroom of a variety of objects related to the topic (e.g., bird nests, feathers, an audio recording of birdsong, photographs and drawings of birds) and gives students a brief "tour" of the new objects. Which of the following strategies for incorporating the objects into instruction would be most effective for promoting the research skills of students at this developmental level?
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having students describe, draw, and sort selected objects from the collection
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Following a class visit to a local wildlife preserve, a second-grade teacher has students write an original folktale that takes place in that setting. Learning to use which of the following tools would be most helpful to students as they begin to develop ideas for their writing?
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story map
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Which of the following activities would best help third graders develop an awareness of audience in order to improve the clarity of their writing?
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participating with other students in peer reviews of their drafts
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Which of the following activities would best help fourth graders apply their knowledge of oral language to promote their understanding of punctuation conventions used in writing?
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reading their writing aloud, making note of pauses and intonation patterns
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Results from informal assessments indicate that a second-grade student who is a struggling reader still relies mostly on invented spellings when writing. Based on this evidence, which of the following types of interventions would best address the student's needs?
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providing intensive instruction in complex phonics patterns
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A fourth-grade teacher creates a rubric of key criteria she will share with her students to assess their written work. The rubric defines the teacher's expectations regarding content, style, organization, and mechanics using a measurable description of the key criteria (e.g., "The first paragraph will include a statement of your central idea"). This approach to assessing students' writing is most effective for:
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guiding instructional planning and student learning in writing.
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Lessons based on the concepts of cultural diffusion and interdependence can best be used to broaden student understanding of:
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global connections.
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A historian would likely find bibliographies and periodical indexes most useful for which of the following research tasks?
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acquiring historical information
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Teachers seeking to develop students' ability to participate constructively in civic discussions can best begin by emphasizing the importance of:
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respecting the rights of others to be heard.
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Which of the following best describes the proper developmental sequence for teaching the three student standards listed below?
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1. Identify community workers that exist in most or all communities. 2. Describe the roles of leadership and public service in school, community, state, or nation. 3. Explain why individuals became involved in leadership or public service.
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A problem-solving exercise would likely provide the most appropriate and effective means of assessing student mastery of which of the following kindergarten social studies standards?
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Identify and practice using money.
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Teachers could best use a history unit on the founding of Pennsylvania to promote student understanding of which of the following elements of the social studies theme of civic ideals and practices?
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appreciation of diversity
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Which of the following topics presented in a lesson on ecosystems in Pennsylvania could best be used to develop students' understanding of the geographic concept of human interaction with the environment?
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invasive species in Pennsylvania
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Which of the following student activities would best promote development of a sense of belonging to a community among young children in a school setting?
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creating signs to welcome family members to Back-to-School Night
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A third-grade teacher is planning instruction on the roles of the three branches of the U.S. government. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate for the teacher to use to promote students' understanding of the role of the legislative branch?
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having students work in groups to create a set of classroom rules
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Second-grade students are painting scenes from a recent field trip to a historic site. As the teacher observes their work, he says to one student, "Jeff, I see the different shades of green you are using to paint the leaves and the grass." This comment most supports Jeff's creative development because:
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it values the process as well as the product.
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A prekindergarten teacher guides students in learning to sing "The Farmer in the Dell" by providing props such as a straw hat for the farmer and a cow bell for the cow. The children's use of these props is most likely to encourage their development of:
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symbolic understanding.
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Dancers are most likely to use improvisation exercises as a way to:
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discover new ways of moving and communicating meaning.
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A second-grade teacher uses rhyming chants and songs describing animals during a lesson on the different characteristics of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. This use of music to convey information will most likely contribute to students' learning in which of the following ways?
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enhancing students' ability to remember content vocabulary
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An understanding that individual musical notes represent different tones would most likely help an emergent reader develop an understanding of the relationship between individual letters and which of the following elements of language?
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phonemes
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A prekindergarten teacher gathers samples of students' artwork in individual student portfolios during the course of the school year. At the end of the year, the teacher can most effectively use the portfolios for which of the following purposes?
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documenting students' development
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Which of the following types of drawing is most likely to develop children's observation skills?
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self-portrait
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A student is setting a table in the kitchen center of a prekindergarten classroom. The student sets four plates on the table and then places one spoon beside each plate. The teacher sits down next to the student. Which of the following comments by the teacher would likely be most effective for extending the student's thinking during this dramatic play experience?
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"What kind of meal are you going to serve?"
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