question

Cardiovascular disease is the __ __ killer of both men and women in the U.S. since 1900, with the sole exception of 19__, when a pandemic flu killed more people.

answer

number one, 18

question

More than __ million Americans- __ out of every three adults- suffers from one or more types of cardiovascular disease

answer

83, one

question

CVD is affected by __ and __.

answer

heredity, lifestyle

question

Chronic diseases are illnesses that are __, do not resolve __, and are rarely __ completely.

answer

prolonged, spontaneously, cured

question

Cardiovascular disease includes diseases of the heart such as, high blood __, __ heart disease, heart __, __, and congenital cardiovascular defects.

answer

pressure, coronary, failure, stroke

question

CVD kills __ people each year and one every __ seconds, as well as 2200 lives each week.

answer

815,000, 39

question

__ to __ percent of people under age 40 have CVD, and for those over 40, the rate is about __ percent. After age 60, three in four people have it.

answer

nine, fifteen, forty

question

One in three adult women has CVD, and __ women than men die from it. Only from ages __ to __ do more men have CVD.

answer

more, 20, 39

question

55,000 more __ than __ have strokes each year.

answer

women, men

question

The cardiovascular system is a network of __ and __ through which blood flows as it carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.

answer

organs, vessels

question

The cardiovascular system contains the __, __, __, __, __, __.

answer

heart, arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

question

The heart is __-sized and contracts 100,00 times each day. It pumps the body's __ quarts of blood.

answer

fist, six

question

The heart has four chambers: two upper ones called __, which receive blood from the rest of the body, and the lower two, called __, which pump it out again.

answer

atria, ventricles

question

The four steps of blood in the heart: __ blood enters the __ atrium; it then goes to the right ventricle through the __ __. From here it gets to the lungs to receive oxygen. Next, it goes to the __ atrium, and from there to the left ventricle, and from there to the rest of the body via the __.

answer

deoxygenated, right, pulmonary artery, left, aorta

question

The __ __ is in the right atrium and regulates the pace of one's heartbeat.

answer

sinoatrial node

question

__ is thickening and hardening of the arteries, and is also the __ contributor to CVD globally. It is caused by deposits of __, __, cellular __, and the clotting material __.

answer

Antherosclerosis, biggest, fat, cholesterol, waste, fibrin

question

Antherosclerosis is an example of __ __ disease, and the substance that builds in the arteries is called __. __, an abnormally high level of lipids in the blood, contributes to this.

answer

coronary artery, plaque, hyperlipidemia

question

When the heart is starved for oxygen, the condition is called __.

answer

ischemia

question

When atherosclerosis occurs in the arms, feet, calves, and legs causing nearly complete blockage, it is called __ __ disease.

answer

peripheral artery

question

__ __ disease is the greatest killer, accounting for __ in six deaths in the US.

answer

coronary heart

question

785,000 __ heart attacks and 470,000 __ attacks happen each year, and another 195,000 __ heart attacks (without signs and symptoms) occur each year.

answer

new, recurrent, silent

question

__ __, or heart attack, involves a section of the heart which suffers permanent damage because its normal blood supply has been blocked.

answer

myocardial infarction

question

Symptoms of a heart attack include __ pain or pressure, arm, neck, or jaw pain, difficulty __, excessive __, __, __, and loss of __.

answer

chest, breathing, sweating, nausea, vomiting, consciousness

question

The __ following a heart attack is crucial. __ percent of people die in this time frame.

answer

hour, 40

question

What to do in the event of the heart attack: __ __ as soon as the person shows any signs of a heart attack. Do not drive yourself or a family member. You may need to try __.

answer

call 911, CPR

question

These are the types of cardiovascular disease: __, __ heart disease, __ __, __, __ heart failure, and __.

answer

atherosclerosis, coronary, angina pectoris, arrythmias, congestive, stroke

question

Stroke warning signs include __, __, __ loss, __, and severe __.

answer

numbness, confusion, vision, dizziness, headache

question

Hypertension is most prevalent among __ __.

answer

African americans

question

__ __ occurs when there is not enough oxygen to supply heart muscle, resulting in chest pain or pressure. __ percent of people ages 25-45 will have it, and __ percent of men and __ percent of women experiencing symptoms by age 65.

answer

angina pectoris, 2, 13, 11

question

To treat angina pectoris, __ __ blockers, __, and __-blockers are used.

answer

calcium channel, nitroglicerides, beta

question

__ are an irregularity in heartbeat, which occurs when the electrical impulses in your heart do not work correctly. A fast beat is __, and a slow one is __. Irregular patterns is __. The latter is possibly fatal.

answer

arrythmia, tachycardia, bradycardia, fibrillation.

question

Congestive heart failure is __ common, with ___ new cases each year.

answer

very, 670,000

question

Causes of CHF include heart injury from a number of CVD risks, such as uncontrolled high __ __, __ fever, __, __ __, and other cardiovascular problems. In some cases __ treatment and __ for cancer can contribute.

answer

blood pressure, rheumatoid, pneumonia, heart attack, radiation, chemotherapy

question

In CHF, weakened heart muscles respond poorly to strain, impairing __ __ and causing fluid backup. This causes congestion in __ __.

answer

blood flow, body tissues

question

CHF can be treated with __ that releive fluid accumulation, drugs such as digitalis which increase the heart's pumping action, and __, which expand blood vessels.

answer

diuretics, vasodilators

question

A stroke is also called a __ accident. They can be __ (caused by plaque formation that narrows vessels or by a clot) or __ (due to weakening of a blood vessel that causes it to bulge or rupture).

answer

cerebrovascular, ischemic, hemorraghic

question

An __, in which a blood vessel bulges or ruptures, is the most well known of hemorrhagic strokes.

answer

aneurism

question

Strokes are often preceded by __ __ attacks (TIA's) which cause dizziness, weakness, temporary paralysis, memory loss, blurred vision, nausea, headache, slurred speech, and other physiological reactions.

answer

transient ischemic

question

The top number is __ blood pressure, which refers to the pressure of blood in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts, sending blood to the rest of the body. The bottom number is __ blood pressure, which is the pressure of blood on the arteries when blood is re-entering heart chambers.

answer

systolic, diastolic

question

Hypertension is __ as likely overall in women. In those under 45, however, __ are most likely to develop it. In those 65 and older, though, it affects more women.

answer

twice, men, women

question

When only systolic blood pressure is high, it is called __ systolic __, and this is the __ common type of high blood pressure in older Americans.

answer

isolated, hypertension, most

question

CVD risk factors include __, __, lack of __ __, high __, and high __ __ all increase your risk. Together, they are called __ risks.

answer

obesity, smoking, physical exercise, cholesterol, blood pressure, cardiometabolic

question

Hypertension can lead to slowing of __ function and increased __'s risk.

answer

cognitive, Alzheimer's

question

Different names for combined cardiometabolic risks: syndrome __, insulin __ syndrome, and __ __.

answer

X, resistance, metabolic syndrome

question

Metabolic syndrome risk factors include __ obesity, elevated __ fat, low levels of __, elevated __ __, elevated fasting __, and high levels of __-reactive __.

answer

abdominal, blood, hdl, blood pressure, glucose, c, protein

question

__ percent of people ages 20-39 qualify for MetS, along with __ percent of those over 60.

answer

20, 52

question

To reduce CVD, one of the most powerful modifiable risks to avoid is __. Others are to cut back on __ fat and cholesterol, monitor levels of __, __, maintain healthy __, to control __ and __.

answer

smoking, saturated, cholesterol, exercise, weight, diabetes, stress

question

Smoking accounts for 1 out of every __ deaths, and smokers are __-__ times more likely to get CHD. It __ risk of stroke.

answer

5, 2-4, doubles

question

__ percent of children ages 3-11 are exposed to secondhand smoke.

answer

60

question

By smoking, a person exposes himself to __ and other harmful __ in the smoke. The former causes increased heart rate, heart output, blood pressure, and oxygen use: in other words, the __ works harder.

answer

nicotine, chemicals, heart

question

If one stops smoking, risk __ quickly. After a year, risk of HD drops by __ percent.

answer

declines, 50

question

One modifiable risk for heart disease is cutting back on __ and __ __.

answer

cholesterol, saturated fats

question

__ percent of your cholesterol level is predetermined, and is produced by the __ and other cells. The other __ comes from __. It is in this latter area that improvement can be made, resulting in less risk for CVD.

answer

75, liver, 25, food

question

A meal high in saturated or trans fats can put the body at greater risk for heart attack within __. Even a __ percent reduction in these results in __ percent less risk for heart disease.

answer

hours, 10, 30

question

High __ levels and low __ levels puts one at risk of heart disease (cholesterol types).

answer

ldl, hdl

question

__ are gaining attention, as they are found in people with high cholesterol and heart problems. Levels increase as people get older and heavier. When the body consumes too many calories, it accumulates in the __ __.

answer

triglicerides, fat cells

question

A baseline cholesterol test, or __ panel, should be taken at age __ and every __ years after that. It measures LDL, HDL, trigliceride, and total cholesterol levels.

answer

lipid, 20, 5

question

A baseline cholesterol test should be taken after a __ hour fast when the person is well __ and has avoided caffeine.

answer

12, rested

question

Men over age 35 and women over 45 should have their lipid profile checked __.

answer

annually

question

LDL is __ associated with CVD risk than is total cholesterol.

answer

more

question

Body weight __ play a role in CVD, especially by straining the heart by forcing it to push blood through more __. __ fat is most dangerous, and losing even 5-10 pounds can be significant.

answer

does, capillaries, abdominal

question

Even modest levels of low-level activity __ modify CVD risks. The more, the better! It increases __ levels and lowers __.

answer

can, HDL, triglicerides

question

Those with diabetes are __-__ times more likely to die from heart disease. __ percent of people with diabetes do indeed die of it.

answer

2-4, 65

question

People with diabetes may experience deterioration of blood vessels in the __ and __.

answer

eyes, extremities

question

Hypertension is a risk for CVD: at systolic 140-159 and dystolic 90-99 indicates __ stage hypertension: above 160 systolic and 100 dystolic is __ stage.

answer

first, second

question

Those who are stressed may turn to __, be impatient and __: these issues of unresolved stress turn out to be risk factors for CVD, resulting in three times the risk of hypertension, CHD, and sudden cardiac death.

answer

smoking, hostility

question

Nonmodifiable risks for CVD include __, __, __, and __.

answer

race, heredity, age, gender

question

Inflammation may play a major role in __ development. The injured vessel walls are more prone to __ formation. Several factors such as cigar smoke, high blood pressure, high LDL's, diabetes, certain forms of arthritis, and exposure to toxins can cause it.

answer

atherosclerosis, plaque

question

Exposure to Chalmydia pneumoniae (respiratory infection) helicobacter pylori (ulcers), and cytomegalovirus (herpes) can cause __, which can contribute to heart disease. __-__ proteins are an indication of this.

answer

inflammation, C-reactive

question

__ is an amino acid that, when present in high amounts, is related to higher incidence of CVD. __ acid may break it down, and thus is likely good for you.

answer

homocysteine, folic

question

Heart super-foods include fish, __ oil, whole __ and __, plant __ and __, nuts, chocolate, and green tea.

answer

olive, grains, fiber, sterols, stanols

question

African Americans are more likely to have hypertension and also have a higher risk of stroke. The rate of hypertension in African Americans is among the __ in the world.

answer

highest

question

Common medicines used for CVD: statins, which lower __ __ levels; ace-inhibitors, which cause blood vessels to __ and thus lower blood pressure; beta-blockers, which reduce blood pressure by reducing __.

answer

blood cholesterol, contract, epinehrine

question

Techniques for diagnosing heart disease: __ (ECG), __, __ __ tomography, __ __ imaging, ultrafast __ tomography.

answer

electrocardiogram, angiography, positron emission, magnetic resonance, computed

question

An __ is a record of the electrical activity of the heart. It may involve a stress or nuclear stress test: this provides a good indicator of potential heart blockage or blood flow abnormalities.

answer

electrocardiogram

question

In __ (cardiac catheterization), a needle-thin tube called a catheter is threaded through heart arteries, and a dye is injected, and an X-ray is taken to determine blockages.

answer

angiography

question

In __ __ __, powerful magnets are used to look inside the body and help physicians identify damage from a heart attack and evaluate disease of larger blood vessels.

answer

magnetic resonance imaging

question

In __ __ __, a super-fast form of x-ray desinged to evaluate bypass grafts, diagnose ventricular function, and measure calcium deposits, is used.

answer

ultrafast computed tomography

question

In __ __ __, a test is used which measures the amount of calcium-containing plaque, a marker for atherosclerosis buildup.

answer

cardiac calcium score

question

Coronary bypass surgery with a graft (CABG for short), means taking a __ __ from another area of the body (most likely the saphenous vein in the leg or internal thoracic from the chest) and implanting it to __ an area of the heart that was damaged.

answer

blood vessel, bypass

question

Angioplasty carries __ risks than CABG. In it, a catheter is threaded through blocked arteries, then is __ to open them. A __ is then added to hold them open. Though highly effective, these can lead to inflammation and tissue growth.

answer

fewer, inflated, stent

question

__ may help heart disease. It has protective blood-thinning qualities, but many dangerous side effects.

answer

aspirin

question

Cancer is the __ leading cause of death in Americans of all age groups, but five-year survival rates are __ dramatically from the early 1990s

answer

second, up

question

__ is responsible for about 30% of all cancer deaths. Poor __ and exercise habits account for another 30% of cancer deaths

answer

tobacco, diet

question

Evidence supports that most cancers could be prevented by simple __ changes.

answer

lifestyle

question

__ is the name given to a large group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.

answer

Cancer

question

Tumor: a __ mass of tissue that grows more rapidly than surrounding tissue and serves no purpose.

answer

neoplasmic

question

Benign tumor: (noncancerous) mass of cells enclosed in a __ that prevents their penetration of other tissues. Generally __ unless they grow and obstruct or crowd out normal tissue.

answer

membrane, harmless

question

__ tumor: (cancerous) mass of cells that can invade surrounding tissues through __. Every case of cancer begins as a change in a cell that allows it to grow and divide when it should not.

answer

malignant, metastizing

question

The only way to tell between malignant and benign tumors is through __.

answer

biopsy

question

Metastasizing cells emit claw-like protrusions that disrupt __ and __ in cells. This produces mutant cells

answer

RNA, DNA

question

Nearly 76% of cancers are diagnosed at ages __ and over.

answer

55

question

Lifestyle risks for cancer include exposure to environmental __ such as sunburns and chemicals; __ use; alcohol and __ use; poor __; physical __; and obesity.

answer

carcinogens, tobacco, drug, nutrition, inactivity

question

__ use is the biggest risk for cancer: it is responsible for 1 in __ deaths, __ percent of cancer deaths, and __ percent of lung cancer deaths.

answer

tobacco, 5, 30, 87

question

Smoking is is associated with increased risk of __ cancer types, especially lung, nasal, mouth, kidney, bladder, stomach, and acute myeloid leukemia cancers.

answer

15

question

A high BMI (25 and up) is a strong indicator of cancer risk, especially of the __, __, cervical, and __ for women, and __ or __ cancers for men.

answer

breast, uterine, ovarian, prostate, stomach

question

Women who gain 55 pounds after age 18 have a __ percent greater risk of breast cancer compared to those who maintain their weight.

answer

50

question

Obesity in men puts them at a __ times higher risk for gallbladder and endometrial cancers.

answer

5

question

Sleep disturbances, diet, or a combination of factors may weaken the body's __ system, increasing susceptibility to cancer.

answer

immune

question

Hereditary risk factors for cancers include __ predisposition, __, and genetic __.

answer

genetic, oncogenes, susceptibility

question

Oncogenes are typically __, but factors such as age, stress, exposure to carcinogens or viruses, and exposure to radiation.

answer

dormant

question

Some cancers, especially __, __, colon, prostate, ovaries, and __ lung cancers, seem to run in families: in other words, people are genetically predisposed.

answer

breast, stomach, lungs

question

The Breast Cancer Susceptability genes are __ and __.

answer

BRCA1, BRCA2

question

These are all hormonal/reproductive factors. Early menarch, late __, not having __, Having children __ in life, recent use of __ __ pills, __ replacement therapy, and opting not to __ feed.

answer

menopause, children, late, birth control, hormone, breast

question

__ prescribed for relieving menopausal symptoms contributes to cancer risks and to provide fewer benefits.

answer

estrogen

question

Workplace risks account for only a small percentage of cancers: however, they must be considered. __ is one of the most potent risks, and __, chromate, and chemicals such as benzene, __, and vinyl chloride are all proven carcinogens.

answer

asbestos, nickel, arsenic

question

Working with __ tars or __ exposes you to occupational risks of cancer.

answer

coal, inhalants

question

Ionizing radiation increases one's risk of cancer. It can come from __-rays, __ rays, and __ radiation (UVB: the only kind proven to cause cancer). Nuclear exposures have indicated that high-level exposure to IR may cause cancer. The __ and __ are particularly vulnerable.

answer

X, cosmic, ultraviolet, thyroid, marrow

question

Chemicals in food can contribute to cancer, such as these: __ __ (in red meat to give color and to preserve), __ (formed when the body digests the above). The former has not been banned because it kills clostridium botulism.

answer

sodium nitrate, nitrosamines

question

Over 25% of all malignancies in the United States are caused by __, __, and __.

answer

viruses, bacteria, parasites

question

Cell phone radiation and other, similar types of energy are __ in cancers of the neck, head, brain, and leukemia.

answer

suspected

question

Rates of cancers related to infection are much __ in developed countries.

answer

higher

question

__ B and C may prime the __ for cancer, stimulating cancer growth there.

answer

hepatitis, liver

question

Nearly __ of women with cervical cancer have evidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

answer

all

question

__ form in epithelial tissues (covering body surfaces and lining most body cavities), and are the most common type of tumor. These can effect the skin and mouth as well as mucus membranes. The mestastize through the lymph and circulatory systems and form solid tumors.

answer

carcinomas

question

__ occur in the mesodermal or middle layers, such as bones, muscles, and connective tissues. They metastize through the blood in the early stages of disease. They are __ common but __ virulent than carcinomas. It forms solid tumors.

answer

sarcomas, less, more

question

__ develop in the lymphatic system and metastize through it. __ disease is an example. It forms solid tumors.

answer

lymphomas, hodgkins

question

__ is cancer in the blood-forming parts of the body, particularly the bone marrow and spleen. It is nonsolid and characterized by an increase in __ __ cells.

answer

leukemia, white blood

question

Lung cancer is the __ cause of cancer deaths for both men and women in the United States, killing an estimated 156,940 Americans in 2011. __% of all lung cancers could be avoided if people did not smoke.

answer

leading, 90

question

More women have died since 1987 from lung cancer than from breast cancer, despite reductions in smoking rates. There is growing concern about the number of __, particularly young __ and those of low __ status, who pick up the habit.

answer

youth, women, socioeconomic

question

There is concern about the people who have never smoked yet represent __% of those with lung cancer: they were exposed to __ smoke, __ gas, __, __ smoke, and aerosolized oils caused by __.

answer

15, secondhand, radon, wood, cooking

question

Symptoms of lung cancer include persistent __, blood-streaked __, chest __, and attacks of pneumonia and bronchitis.

answer

coughing, sputum, pain

question

Treatment for lung cancer includes __, __ therapy, and __. The first is the treatment of choice if the cancer is localized.

answer

surgery, radiation, chemotherapy

question

Survival rates for lung cancer are low after 1 year, at __ percent overall. The 5 year survival rate overall is only __ percent.

answer

41, 16

question

Breast cancer is the __ __ cause of cancer death for women after lung cancer.

answer

second leading

question

Incidence rates of breast cancer declined about __% between 2002 and 2003, but these did not continue even though __ use declined significantly.

answer

7, hormone

question

Mammograms detect __ of breast cancers, but are not foolproof. This is why __-__ is recommended.

answer

90, self-examination

question

Treatments for breast cancer include __, radical __, and combinations of __ and __. Selective estrogen-receptor modulators such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, which work by blocking __, show promise.

answer

lumpectomy, mastectomy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, estrogen

question

The five-year survival rates for breast cancer have risen from 80% to __% today. However, these rates vary widely depending on __ it is detected and upon whether it has __.

answer

98, when, spread

question

The incidence of breast cancer __ with age. Family history of cancer, menstrual periods that started __ and ended __, __ after menopause, use of __ contraceptives or __ therapy, never having children or having them late in life, consuming __, and __ are all risk factors.

answer

increases, early, late, obesity, oral, hormone, alcohol, inactivity

question

Colorectal cancers are the __ most common cancer in men and women. __% of cases are in the colon and __% in the rectum. __% are preventable.

answer

third, 72, 28 90

question

Symptoms of colorectal cancers are nonexistent in the early stages: in later stages, they include __ in the stool, changes in __ habits, and bleeding from the rectum.

answer

blood, bowel,

question

Only __% of Americans over 50 get the most basic test for colorectal cancers, the at-home fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy or barium enemas are recommended for at risk populations and this age group.

answer

10

question

Risk factors for colorectal cancers include family history, __, a family history of __, and inflammatory __ problems. Diets high in fat or low in fiber, smoking, __ lifestyle, high __ consumption, and low intake of fruits and vegetables may contribute.

answer

obesity, polyps, bowel, sedentary, alchohol

question

These things may help prevent colorectal cancers: regular __, fruits and veggies, healthy __, and moderation in __ consumption. Milk and calcium, aspirin-like drugs, __ acid, selenium, and vitamin __ may also decrease risks.

answer

exercise, weight, alcohol, folic, E

question

Treatment for colorectal cancers often includes __, __, and most recently __.

answer

radiation, surgery, chemotherapy

question

Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States affecting over 1 __ people every year, or 1 in 5 adults.

answer

million

question

The two most common forms of skin cancer are __ __ and __ __ carcinomas. They are highly curable. __ __ are very deadly.

answer

basal cell, squamous cell, malignant melnomas

question

Basal and squamous cell carcinomas are a recurring annoyance that show up on the face, ears, neck, arms, hands, and legs. They may be __ bumps or __ patches. If they ooze, bleed, itch, or hurt, get them looked at.

answer

warty, scaly

question

Melanomas show up as skin __ whose shape, size, and color __. They account for __% of skin cancer deaths, and the risk is ten times higher for caucasians, and is especially dangerous to __. 65-90% of these are caused by sun exposure.

answer

lesions, change, 75, men

question

Melanomas can be identified by these ABCD characteristics: __, __ irregularity, __ (not uniform, black or bluish black, tan-deep brown, reddish black), __ (greater than 6 millimeters).

answer

asymmetry, border, color, diameter

question

Treatment of skin cancer depends on its seriousness. In 90% of cases, __ is performed. __ (tissue destruction by heat) and __ (tissue destruction by cold), are also used. For melanomas, the nearby __ nodes may be surgically removed and radiation, and chemotherapy may be used.

answer

surgery, electrodessication, cryosurgery, lymph

question

Risk factors for skin cancer include __ skin, light (blue, green, grey) eyes, burning __ tanning, __ readily, use no or expired sunscreen, have already had skin cancer or have a family history, and have had severe __.

answer

fair, before, peeling, sunburns

question

The skin responds to sunlight by increasing in __ and by increasing the number of __ __ (melanocytes). This exposure kills skin cells that ward off __, priming it for cancer. It also causes wrinkling by damaging __.

answer

thickness, pigment cells, infection, collagens

question

To avoid skin cancer, use SPF __ or greater sunscreen, and limit time outside when the sun is strongest (__-__).

answer

15, 10-4

question

There is no such thing as a safe tan: in fact, salon lamps can emit both __ and __ rays. It also may not be calibrated correctly, leading to more or less exposure than desired.

answer

UVA, UVB

question

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths for men. 1 in __ men will be diagnosed with it, but only 1 in __ will die of it.

answer

6, 36

question

Symptoms of prostate cancer include __ urine stream, difficulty starting or stopping, the urge to go frequently, __ in the urine, pain in the lower back, pelvis, or thighs.

answer

weak, blood

question

Men over __ should have an annual digital rectal prostate examination, or the prostate-specific antigen test, which is a __ test. There are, however, severe limitations to the latter, as it may lead to unnecessary cancer treatments.

answer

40, blood

question

90% of all prostate cancers are detected early, and over the past 20 years, the 5-year survival rate has increased from 67 percent to almost __ percent, and the 15-year rate is over __ percent.

answer

90, 76

question

Chances of prostate cancer increase dramatically with age. More than 75% of diagnosis are on men over __. African American men are __ percent more likely to have prostate cancer. Those with a father or brother who has the disease have __ the risk (slightly higher for brother than father).

answer

65, 61, twice

question

Eating more fruits and veggies, especially those with __, reduces prostate risk. To additionally reduce risk, follow __ guidelines and maintain weight.

answer

lycopene, dietary

question

Ovarian cancer is the __ leading cause of death for women. It causes the most cancer deaths related to the reproductive system, because it often goes __ until the late stages.

answer

fifth, undetected

question

Ovarian cancer symptoms include enlargement of the __, digestive disturbances especially in women over __, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, changes in __ habits, and __.

answer

abdomen, 40, bowel, constipation

question

Risks for ovarian cancer: family history, not getting __, and use of __ drugs.

answer

pregnant, fertility

question

To prevent ovarian cancer,use __ __, adhere to a low-__ diet, have __ children, and __-__.

answer

birth control, fat, multiple, breast-feed

question

Women over __ should have a cancer-related checkup every year.

answer

40

question

The __ cancer is diagnosed, the better. To detect it, __ __ __ (MRI), __ __ scan (CT scan) are used.

answer

magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan

question

MRI's use the vibrations of __ in the body, mapped on a computer screen, to find cancer. CT scans use __-__ to reveal a tumor's shape and more.

answer

atoms, X-rays

question

Radiation (works by stopping cell growth and destroying malignant cells) and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. The latter is necessary whenever the cancer has __.

answer

spread

question

Radiation and chemotherapy, together or apart, have side effects including __, nutritional deficiencies, __ loss, and general __. Some healthy cells are destroyed in the process, and damage to cardiovascular and other systems is significant.

answer

nausea, hair, fatigue

question

Promising areas of cancer research include __, which enhances the body's own defenses; __-__ vaccines, which combat abnormal cells; __ __ to increase the patient's immune system; and substances that block cancer-causing events along the __ __. Finally, __ __ research has proved controversial.

answer

immunotherapy, cancer-fighting, gene therapy, cancer pathway, stem cell

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