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Layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis), fat, and muscle

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Soft tissues that protect underlying structures of the body

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Minor

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Describes most soft tissue injuries although some can be severe and life threatening

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Wound

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Any physical injury involving the soft tissue

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Closed

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Wounds in which the skin's surface is not broken and damage and bleeding can occur below the surface

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Open

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Wounds in which the skin surface is broken and blood may come through the break in the skin

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Contusions (bruises)

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Closed wounds that develop when the body is subjected to a blunt force which results in damage to soft tissue layers and vessels beneath the skin

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Blood and other fluids

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Cause the area of a contusion to become discolored and to swell when they seep into the surrounding tissues

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Significant force

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Can cause closed wound injuries involving larger blood vessels and deeper layers of muscle tissue which can result in bleeding beneath the skin that may become life-threatening

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Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the body (such as the abdomen), cool, moist, pale, or bluish skin, vomiting or coughing up blood, a blue or extremely pale injured extremity, and altered mental state (drowsy, confused, or faint)

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Signals of a severe closed wound

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Applying cold

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Can be an effective way of helping control pain and swelling

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A barrier (thin towel)

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Should be placed between ice and the skin when applying cold to a closed wound

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20 minutes

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Length of time ice should be applied to an area at a time

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Elevated

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Position in which you should try to keep an area that has a closed wound injury

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Person complains of severe pain or cannot move body part without pain, you think the force that caused the injury was great enough to cause serious damage, an injured extremity is blue or extremely pale, the person's abdomen is tender and distended, the person's is vomiting or coughing up blood, or the person shows signs of shock or is confused and drowsy

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Conditions in which you should call 911 immediately for a person with closed wound

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Help the person rest comfortably, prevent shock. and comfort and reassure the person

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Care for someone who has a severe closed wound

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Abrasions, lacerations, avulsions, punctures/ penetrations, and crush injuries

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The six main types of open wounds

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Abrasions

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The most common type of open wound that is characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away

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Sensitive nerve endings

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Are exposed when an abrasion occurs making the abrasion painful

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Not severe and easily controlled

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Bleeding from an abrasion

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Cleaning and irrigation

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Is important with abrasions because dirt and germs have been rubbed into it

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Laceration

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Open wound that is a cut with either jagged or smooth edges

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Sharp edged object or blunt force that splits the skin (often when bone a lies directly below the skin's surface)

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Common causes of a laceration with smooth edges

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Layers of adipose and muscle, nerves and blood vessels

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Parts of the body that can also be affected by deep lacerations

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Freely and heavily

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Bleeding from a laceration

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Not always

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Describes when lacerations may be painful

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Easily

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Describes the ability of a laceration to become infected

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Avulsion

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A serious open wound injury where a portion of the skin and sometimes other soft tissue is partially or completely torn away

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Significant

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Bleeding from an avulsion because avulsions involve deeper soft tissue layers

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Amputation

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An open wound that occurs when a body part is severed

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Not as bad as expected

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Bleeding from an amputation although tissue damage is severe

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Reattachment

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Is sometimes possible when an amputation occurs

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Puncture/penetration

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An open wound that results when the skin is pierced with a pointed object (i.e. glass, knife, splinter)

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Internal bleeding

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Bleeding that can be severe with a puncture/penetration if the object damages major blood vessels or organs

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External bleeding

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Bleeding that is generally not severe with a puncture/penetration because the skin closes around the object

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Microorganisms that cause infections

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Are carried on objects that cause puncture wounds. This is why puncture wounds are more likely to become infected

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Crush injuries

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An open or closed wound that results when a part (usually an extremity) is compressed between two heavy objects

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Underlying tissues and organs

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May be seriously damaged by crush injuries

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People who are trapped in collapsed structures

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People to which crush injuries are common

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Dressings

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Pads place directly on a wound to absorb blood and other fluids and prevent infection

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Occlusive dressing

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A bandage/ dressing that closes a wound or damaged area and prevents it from being exposed to air or water to prevent infection and keep in heat, body fluids, and moisture

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Bandages

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Any material used to wrap or cover any part of the body

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Hold dressings in place, apply pressure to control bleeding, protect a wound from dirt and infection, and provide support to an injured limb or body part

answer

functions of a bandage

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Pressure bandage

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Any bandage applied snugly to create pressure on a wound or injury

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adhesive compresses or bandages, bandage compress, roller bandage, and elastic roller bandage

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Examples of different types of bandages

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Feeling, warmth and color

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Things for which you should check the area below the injury site before and after applying a roller or elastic roller bandage

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So dressing is completely cover and the bandage extends several inches beyond the dressing

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Way to wrap a roller bandage around a body part

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Fingers or toes

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Should not be covered when applying a roller bandage so you can see if the bandage is too tight

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Additional dressings and bandages

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Should be applied if blood soaks through the first set.

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Blood soaked bandages and dressings

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Should not be removed from an injured body part

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Tie or tape

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Way you should fasten the ends of a roller bandage

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Gently stretch the bandage around the body part beginning with the point farthest from the heart

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Method of applying an elastic roller bandage

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Tape

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Used to fasten an elastic roller bandage

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A finger should easily, but not loosely, pass under the bandage

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The proper snugness of an elastic roller bandage

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When the edges of skin do not fall together, the laceration involves the face, or the wound is over 1/2 inches long

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The general rules for when stitches should be used

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Bleeding from an artery, bleeding that is difficult to control, large punctures, large embedded objects, some human or animal bites, wounds that could leave a conspicuous scar, and deep cuts or lacerations the show the muscle or bone, involve joints, hands, feet, or face, or gape widely

answer

Injuries that often need stitches

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Use a barrier between you hand and the wound, apply direct pressure, wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and gently dry, apply and antibiotic ointment (if the person has no known allergies or sensitivities to it), cover the wound with a clean dressing and a bandage (to keep the wound moist and prevent drying), and wash your hands immediately after

answer

Care for minor open wounds

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Call 911, use a barrier, apply direct pressure with a dressing, monitor the person, minimize shock. have the person rest comfortably and reassure them, and wash your hands immediately after

answer

Care for major open wounds

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CAll 911, use a barrier, control external bleeding, and locate and care for the severed body part

answer

Care for an amputation

question

Wrap the severed part in sterile quase or any clean material and moisten the cloth (with sterile saline if possible), place it in a labeled plastic bag or container, keep the bag cool in a larger bag or in a container with ice and water slurry, and send it to the hospital with person

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Care for a severed body part

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Place it on ice alone or on dry ice

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Where you should not place a bag containing a severed body part

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Person's name, date, and time

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Information that should be included on the label of a bag containing a severed body part

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CAll 911, use a barrier, do not remove the object, apply pressure around the edges of the wound, use a bulky dressing to stabilize the object, control bleeding by bandaging the dressing in place around the object, wash hands after

answer

Care for an embedded/ impaled object

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Unpleasant to life-threatening

answer

The range of types of infections that can occur

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Tetanus

answer

Produces a powerful poison in the body and can be treated with antibiotics

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Clean the area

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Basic way to protect from infection

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Area around becomes swollen and red, area may feel warm or throb with pain, and may have a pus discharge

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Signs of infection

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Person may develop a fever and feel ill and red streaks from the wound to the heart

answer

More serious signs of infection

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Keep the area clean, soak it in clean warm water, apply antibiotic ointment, change coverings daily, and call a healthcare provider if more serious signs develop

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Care for if you see signs of infection

question

Burns

answer

A soft tissue injury caused by exposure to heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation

question

Skin, skin layers, adipose, muscle, and bone

answer

Parts of the body that can be damaged by burns

question

Temperature of the source, length of exposure to the source, location of the burn, and extent of the burn

answer

Things based on which the severity of a burn depends

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Depth

answer

Thing by which burns are classified

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1st degree

answer

Superficial burns

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2nd degree

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Partial thickness burns

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3rd degree

answer

Full thickness burns

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Top layer

answer

Only layer of the skin that is involved in a superficial/1st degree burn

question

Red and dry with possible swelling

answer

Appearance of the skin after a superficial/1st degree burn

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Usually present

answer

Describes the presence of pain with a superficial/1st degree burn or a partial-thickness/2nd degree burn

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Within a week

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Time it takes for a superficial/1st degree burn to heal

question

None

answer

Permanent scarring left by a superficial/1st degree burn

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Top layers, epidermis, and dermis

answer

Parts of the skin that are involved in a partial-thickness/2nd degree burn

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Blotched and often swells

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Appearance of the skin after a partial-thickness/2nd degree burn

question

3-4 weeks

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Time it takes for a partial-thickness/2nd degree burn to heal

question

May be present

answer

DEscribes the possibility of permanent scarring left by a partial-thickness/2nd degree burn

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All layers of the skin and some or all underlying tissues

answer

Parts of the body that are destroyed by a full-thickness/3rd degree burn

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Skin may be brown or black and underlying tissues white

answer

Possible appearance of the area destroyed by a full-thickness/3rd degree burn

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Extremely painful or relatively painless

answer

Describes the pain caused by a full-thickness/3rd degree burn

question

Medical assistance

answer

Is necessary for the healing of a full-thickness/3rd degree burn

question

Likely

answer

Describes the possibility of permanent scarring caused by a full-thickness/3rd degree burn

question

Critical burns

answer

Require immediate attention because they are potentially life-threatening, disfiguring, and disabling

question

Trouble breathing, burn covers more than one body part or a large surface area, suspected burns to the airway, burns to the head, face, neck, hands, feet, or genitals, partial or full thickness burns on a person who is younger than 5 or older than 60, and burns resulting from chemicals, explosions, or electricity

answer

Conditions related to burns in which you should call 911

question

Check the scene, stop the burning by removing the person from the source of the burn, check for life-threatening conditions, cool the burn with large amounts of cool water, cover the burn loosely with a sterile dressing, minimize shock, and reassure/comfort the person

answer

Care for heat burns

question

Ice or ice water

answer

Should not be used to cool a heat burn

question

Touch a burn with anything except a clean covering, try to clean a severe burn, put ointments, butter, or oil on blisters, deep burns, or burns that require medical attention, or break blisters

answer

Things you should not do when caring for heat burns

question

Pain, burning, numbness, respiratory distress, oral discomfort or swelling, eye discomfort, and change of vision

answer

Signs of chemical burns

question

Strength of the chemical and length of contact to the chemical

answer

Things on which the severity of a chemical burn depends

question

Brush dry or powdered chemicals from the skin with a gloved hand, remove any contaminated clothing, flush the burn with large amounts of cool running parts for 20 minutes or until EMS arrive, and minimize shock

answer

Care for chemical burns

question

Conducts electricity and produces heat

answer

Characteristics of the human body that can cause burn injuries

question

Deep

answer

Characteristic of electrical burns although they may look superficial

question

Erratic beating of the heart and broken bones

answer

Other problems that can be caused by electrical burns

question

Unconsciousness, dazed confused behavior, obvious burns on the skin's surface, trouble breathing or no breathing, burns where the current entered and exited the body

answer

Signs of electrical burns

question

Make sure the scene is safe, turn of the power source (if possible), care for life-threatening conditions, call 911 care for shock and thermal burns, check for additional injuries, and be prepared to perform CPR (if the person has no breathing or has difficulty breathing)

answer

Care for electrical burns

question

Nuclear radiation, x-rays, radiation therapy, and tanning beds

answer

Some things that can cause radiation burns

question

Similar to heat burns and mild but painful

answer

Characteristic of the appearance and pain from radiation burns

question

Care as you would any other heat burn, cool the burn, protect the area from further damage, and do not break blisters

answer

Care for radiation burns

PE 235 – Chapter 10 – Flashcards

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