PBS Lesson 3.1- The Disease – Flashcards
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Sickle cell disease is caused by an abnormal type of what?
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Hemoglobin
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What is the most blatant symptom of sickle cell disease?
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Red blood cells become shaped like crescents
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Define Plasma
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Fluid portion of blood which is made of water and dissolved solutes such as glucose, lipids, and amino acids.
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What is plasma responsible for?
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Plasma is responsible for transporting red and white blood cells, platelets, nutrients, and cellular waster throughout the body.
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What are erythrocytes?
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Red blood cells
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What do erythrocytes do?
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Cells that are responsible for carrying oxygen to all of the cells of the body, and removing carbon dioxide waste from those cells.
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What do erythrocytes contain?
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Hemoglobin, and an iron-containing protein that binds with oxygen
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What are leukocytes?
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White blood cells
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What are the function of leukocytes?
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part of the immune system and create antibodies that fight infection.
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What do leukocytes do in response to infection?
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Produce themselves
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What are Thrombocytes?
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Platelets
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What are the function of thrombocytes?
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Work together with blood clotting factors in the blood to stop bleeding at sites of injury
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How do hematocrit tests work?
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Performed by analyzing a blood sample to determine the percentage of blood that contains red blood cells.
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Define anemia
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A person's deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin
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What does it mean if a person's hematocrit is low?
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The person is anemic and their blood has fewer red blood cells than it should
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What disease does a hematocrit test test for?
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Anemia
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What is the hematocrit?
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The volume of whole blood that is composed of red blood cells
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What are three possible treatments for sickle cell?
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Bone marrow transplant, chronic transfusion therapy, and antibiotics/Folic acid supplements
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What are some pros of a bone marrow transplant?
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Relieves symptoms, more healthy red blood cells, body can produce more healthy cells
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What are some cons of a bone marrow transplant?
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The body could reject it, organ damage (can lead to death), chills, fevers, chest pains, nausea, very susceptible to infection
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What are some pros of chronic transfusion therapy?
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Lowers risk of strokes, lowers pain and other sickle cell symptoms
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What are some cons of chronic transfusion therapy?
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Going back to the hospital every 3-4 weeks, can be very expensive, might have a permanent catheter, takes time
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What are some pros of antibiotics and folic acid supplements?
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Makes new red blood cells, less pain, lessened sickle cell symptoms, no surgery
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What are some cons of antibiotics and Folic acid supplements?
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Nausea, restlessness, bad taste in the mouth, depression
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What is sickle cell disease?
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A genetic disorder characterized by the "sickling" of red blood cells
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Why does the sickling of red blood cells cause health problems?
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The sickled cells don't move through the bloodstream as easily, and blood clots can form, can cause swelling
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What is sickle cell anemia?
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An inherited disorder that causes people to have painful crises
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How is anemia diagnosed?
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By testing a person's hematocrit (percentage of blood with red blood cells), and if the hematocrit is low, the person is anemic
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How does sickle cell disease affect daily life?
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People with sickle cell anemia can have mental health issues, at times it gets very lonely, which leads to sadness or depression. Physical aspects are also changed with certain medicines used to treat SCA, like hair loss and a yellow tinge in the eyes.
