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Pathophysiology Ch 20 (Tyson) – Flashcards

Daniel Thompson

7 July 2022

question

What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?

answer

Lipoma

question

Chemotherapy usually involves a combination of drugs in order to: 1. Reduce the adverse effects 2. Guarantee that all cancer cells are destroyed 3. Be effective in more phases of the cell cycle 4. Totally block the mitotic stage

answer

1, 3

question

Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which:

answer

Signs and symptoms are absent

question

Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they:

answer

Create excessive pressure within the skull

question

A classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called:

answer

Staging

question

omitting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because:

answer

The drugs have an unpleasant odor, the gastrointestinal tract is irritated

question

The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are:

answer

Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia

question

High risk factors for cancer include: 1. Human papilloma virus 2. Chronic irritation and inflammation 3. Repeated sun exposure 4. High family incidence

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

question

One of the general effects of a malignant cancer is cachexia, which is:

answer

Severe tissue wasting

question

Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:

answer

Bone marrow depression

question

The warning signs for cancer include:

answer

Change in a wart or mole, unusual bleeding, a new solid lump often painless

question

The method that can be used as an alternative to surgical removal of tumor by using heat generated by a needle inserted into the tumor is referred to as:

answer

Radiofrequency ablation

question

One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to:

answer

Determine the best treatment and prognosis

question

Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to?

answer

The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumor?

answer

Cells appear relatively normal

question

What would be an external source of ionizing radiation?

answer

Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine

question

Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?

answer

Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have developed

question

Drugs or agents that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are called:

answer

Biological response modifiers

question

Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors?

answer

Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases

question

Radiation therapy destroys:

answer

Primarily rapid dividing cells

question

Antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by:

answer

Reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells

question

Benign tumor can often be differentiated from malignant tumors because benign tumors:

answer

Are encapsulated and slow growing

question

What type of normal cells are often damaged during chemotherapy and radiation treatments?

answer

Epithelial cells

question

Malignant brain tumors:

answer

Spread to other parts of CNS

question

The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with:

answer

An irreversible change in the cell DNA

question

Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because:

answer

Inflammation around the tumor may be reduced

question

The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means:

answer

The patient is at high risk for infection

question

A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea

question

The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include: 1. Obstruction of a tube or duct 2. Anemia and weight loss 3. Cell necrosis and ulceration 4. Tumor markers in the circulation

answer

1, 3

question

Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker:

answer

Colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

question

The term apoptosis refers to:

answer

Programmed cell death

question

Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?

answer

Degree if differentiation of the cells

question

What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called?

answer

Sarcomas

question

All of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT:

answer

They are difficult to diagnose and treat

question

Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites?

answer

Metastasis

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question

What is a benign neoplasm originating from adipose tissue called?

answer

Lipoma

question

answer

1, 3

question

Remission for cancer is generally defined as a period in which:

answer

Signs and symptoms are absent

question

Benign tumors in the brain are often life-threatening because they:

answer

Create excessive pressure within the skull

question

A classification process that applies to a specific malignant tumor and describes the extent of the disease at a given time is called:

answer

Staging

question

omitting frequently follows a chemotherapy treatment because:

answer

The drugs have an unpleasant odor, the gastrointestinal tract is irritated

question

The most critical adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy are:

answer

Thrombocytopenia and leucopenia

question

High risk factors for cancer include: 1. Human papilloma virus 2. Chronic irritation and inflammation 3. Repeated sun exposure 4. High family incidence

answer

1, 2, 3, 4

question

One of the general effects of a malignant cancer is cachexia, which is:

answer

Severe tissue wasting

question

Identify the common dose-limiting factor for chemotherapy:

answer

Bone marrow depression

question

The warning signs for cancer include:

answer

Change in a wart or mole, unusual bleeding, a new solid lump often painless

question

The method that can be used as an alternative to surgical removal of tumor by using heat generated by a needle inserted into the tumor is referred to as:

answer

Radiofrequency ablation

question

One reason for staging a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis is to:

answer

Determine the best treatment and prognosis

question

Which of the following does paraneoplastic syndrome refer to?

answer

The effects of substances such as hormones secreted by the tumor cells

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of benign tumor?

answer

Cells appear relatively normal

question

What would be an external source of ionizing radiation?

answer

Gamma rays delivered by a cobalt machine

question

Why does ovarian cancer have a poor prognosis?

answer

Specific signs rarely appear until after secondary tumors have developed

question

Drugs or agents that augment the natural immune response in the body to improve identification and removal of abnormal cells are called:

answer

Biological response modifiers

question

Staging systems used to classify a malignant tumor at the time of diagnosis are based on which of the following factors?

answer

Size of the tumor, involvement of lymph nodes, metastases

question

Radiation therapy destroys:

answer

Primarily rapid dividing cells

question

Antiangiogenesis drugs act on a malignant tumor by:

answer

Reducing blood flow and nutrient supply to tumor cells

question

Benign tumor can often be differentiated from malignant tumors because benign tumors:

answer

Are encapsulated and slow growing

question

What type of normal cells are often damaged during chemotherapy and radiation treatments?

answer

Epithelial cells

question

Malignant brain tumors:

answer

Spread to other parts of CNS

question

The process of carcinogenesis usually begins with:

answer

An irreversible change in the cell DNA

question

Glucocorticoids are often prescribed during a course of chemotherapy and radiation because:

answer

Inflammation around the tumor may be reduced

question

The development of neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer means:

answer

The patient is at high risk for infection

question

A warning sign of possible cancer would be any of the following EXCEPT:

answer

Sudden development of fever, nausea, and diarrhea

question

The common local effects of an expanding tumor mass include: 1. Obstruction of a tube or duct 2. Anemia and weight loss 3. Cell necrosis and ulceration 4. Tumor markers in the circulation

answer

1, 3

question

Select the correct pair representing a malignant tumor and its marker:

answer

Colon cancer: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

question

The term apoptosis refers to:

answer

Programmed cell death

question

Which factor provides the basis for the grading of newly diagnosed malignant tumors?

answer

Degree if differentiation of the cells

question

What are malignant neoplasms arising from connective tissue cells called?

answer

Sarcomas

question

All of the following are correct statements about skin cancers EXCEPT:

answer

They are difficult to diagnose and treat

question

Which term refers to the spread of malignant cells through blood and lymph to distant sites?

answer

Metastasis

Pathophysiology Ch 20 (Tyson) – Flashcards

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