Patho Exam 3 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
The region of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli is the:
answer
Cortex
question
When the nurse is discussing the functional unit of the kidney, what other term should the nurse use ?
answer
Nephron
question
The urologist is teaching about the nephrons that determine the concentration of the urine. The urologist is discussing the _______ nephrons.
answer
Juxtamedullary
question
A urologist is discussing the phagocytic cells that lie between the layers of the renal corpuscle. What is the urologist describing ?
answer
Mesangial cells
question
When the nurse discusses the glomerulus Bowman capsule together, it is referred to as the renal:
answer
Corpuscle
question
When a nurse is checking the urinalysis, plasma proteins should be absent the urine because:
answer
The negative charge of the glomerular filtration membrane repels the plasma proteins.
question
When the nurse is discussing the sodium-sensing cells of the glomerulus, what term should the nurse use ?
answer
Macula densa
question
When a nurse is preparing to teach about urine, which information should the nurse include ? Just before entering the ureter, urine passes through the:
answer
Renal pelvis
question
A urologist is discussing a structure that supplies blood to the medulla. What is the urologist describing ?
answer
Vasa recta
question
A nurse is describing the trigone. Which information should be included. The trigone is defined as:
answer
A triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra.
question
When describing the male urinary anatomy, which information should the nurse include ? The portion of the male urethra that is closest to the bladder s the ______ portion.
answer
Prostatic
question
On average the kidneys receive approximately ______ of the cardiac output.
answer
20% to 25%
question
While reviewing urine lab results, the nurse remembers the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is directly related to the:
answer
Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
question
A nurse recalls the blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:
answer
Sympathetic nervous system
question
While planning care for a patient with urinary problems, the nurse recalls that the renin- angiotensin system will be activated by:
answer
Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles.
question
When a patient's renal system secretes renin, what effect will that cause in the body ? It causes the direct activation of:
answer
Angiotensin I
question
A nurse is reviewing urinalysis results and notices glucose is present in the urine. A nurse realizes glucose will be excreted into the urine when:
answer
The carrier molecule have reached their maximum.
question
When teaching about sodium reabsorption, which information should the nurse include > The majority of sodium reabsorption takes place in the:
answer
Proximal tubule
question
A kidney has a glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure of 50 mmHg, a Bowman capsule hydrostatic pressure of 15 mm Hg, and a glomerular capillary oncotic pressure of 12 mmHg. The net filtration pressure is ______ mm Hg.
answer
23
question
A nurse is preparing to teach about the loop of Henle. Which information should be included ? The descending segemnt of the loop of Henle primarily allos for :
answer
Water reabsorption
question
When a staff member asks which of the following substances are actively secreted by the renal tubules, what is the nurse's best response ?
answer
Hydrogen and potassium
question
A nurse is preparing to teach about the collecting ducts. Reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts requires which of these hormones ?
answer
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
question
When a patient asks what role the kidneys play in vitamin D function, how should the nurse reply ?
answer
Activates intestinally absorbed vitamin D
question
A 35 ear old hypetensive male begins taking a diuretic. Which of the following common side effects of this medication should the nurse monitor ?
answer
Hypokalemia
question
A patient has searched the internet for hormones. The patient has a good understanding when she knows that hormone ____ is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys to stimulate bone marrow production of the red blood cells.
answer
Erythropoietin
question
If a nurse wants to obtain the best estimate of renal function, which test should the nurse monitor ?
answer
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
question
A nurse recalls the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and plasma creatine (Pcr) concentration are _____ related
answer
Inversely
question
A 25 year old female is diagnosed with urinary tract obstruction. While planning care, the nurse realizes is expected to have hydronephrosis and a decreased glomerular filtration rate caused by:
answer
dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces proximal to a blockage.
question
A 27 year old male has a severe kidney obstruction leading to removal of the affected kidney. Which of the following would the nurse expect to occur ?
answer
Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining kidney
question
A 55 year old male presents reporting urinary retention. Tests reveal that he has a lower urinary tract obstruction. Which of the following is of most concern to the nurse ?
answer
Formation of renal calculi
question
When a patient asks what the most common type of renal stones is composed of, how should the nurse respond ? The most common type of renal stone is composed of:
answer
calcium
question
While planning care for a patient with renal calculi, the nurse remembers the most important factor in renal calculus formation is :
answer
urine pH
question
a 24 year old female is diagnosed with renal calculus that is causing obstruction. Which of the following symptoms would she most likely experience ?
answer
Flank pain
question
A 25 year old female presents with burning urination. She was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. When the nurse checks the culture results, which of the following organisms is most likely infecting her urinary tract ?
answer
Escherichia coli
question
A 35 year old male received a traumatic brain injury in a motor vehicle accident. CT scan revealed a lesion above the pontine micturition center. Which of the following would the nurse expect ?
answer
Detrusor hyperreflexia
question
A 75 year old male reports to his primary care provider loss of urine with cough, sneezing or laughing. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart ?
answer
Stress incontinence
question
A 19 year old female was involved in a motor vehicle accident during which the sustained a closed head injury. She is now experiencing dentrusor sphincter dyssenergia. Which of the following is the most beneficial medication treatment ?
answer
Alpha blocker
question
A nurse assesses a patient with a complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) for:
answer
Other health problems
question
A 28year old female presents with fever, chills, and flank pain. She is diagnosed with pyelonephritis. A nurse recalls the patient's infection is located in the:
answer
Renal pelvis
question
While planning care for a patient who has acute pyelonephritis. A nurse most common condition associated with the development of acute pyelonephritis is :
answer
Urinary tract obstruction
question
A 29 year old female present with cloudy urine, flank pain, hematuria, and fever. Which of the following does the nurse suspect the patient is most likely experiencing ?
answer
Acute cystitis
question
A 15 year old male was diagnosed with pharyngitis. Eight days later he developed acute glomerulonephritis. While reviewing the culture results, which of the following is the most likely cause of this disease ?
answer
Group A- Beta hemolytic streptococcus
question
A 25 year old male was diagnosed with Good pasture syndrome. While this patient, which of the following mechanisms would cause tissue injury ?
answer
Production of antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane.
question
When a nurse observes post streptococcal glomerulonephritis as a diagnosis on a patient, which principle will the nurse remember ? Acute poststreptococcal glemerulonephritis is primarily caused by:
answer
Antigen- antibody complex deposition in the glomerular capillaries and inflammatory damage.
question
A 30 year old male is demonstrating hematuria with red blood cell cast and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin begin the major protein. The most probable diagnosis the nurse will sec documented on the chart is :
answer
Acute glomerlonephritis
question
A 45 year old male presents with oliguria. He is diagnosed with chronic glomerulonephritis. The nurse knows oliguria is related to:
answer
Thickening of the glomerular membrane and decreased renal blood flow.
question
A 54 year old female is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a common symptom of this disease >
answer
Proteinuria
question
A 42 year old male is involved in a motor vehicle accident during which he loses a lot of blood. The nurse realizes he is in acute renal failure caused by:
answer
Inadequate renal blood flow
question
A 35 year old female was severely burned and is hospitalized. She is now suffering from acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Which of the following is most likely diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart ?
answer
Intrarenal
question
A 56 year old male presents with flank pain and polyuria. Tests reveal that he has an enlarged prostate. Which of the following types of renal failure should the nurse monitor for as it is most likely to occur ?
answer
Postrenal
question
A 60 year old male is diagnosed with renal failure. While the nurse is reviewing lab results, which of the following lab values would be most consistent with this diagnosis ?
answer
elevated plasma creatine level
question
A 45 year old female presents with hypertension, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and anemia. She is diagnosed with chronic renal failure. When patient asks what caused this anemia, how should the nurse respond ? Your anemia is caused by:
answer
Inadequate production of erythropoietin
question
A 42 year old female is diagnosed with chronic renal failure, and the nurse is discussing dietary treatment. Which information indicates the nurse understands dietary regimen ? Treatment includes restricting :
answer
Proteins
question
While turning a patient with chronic renal failure, which principle should the nurse recall ? Bone fracture are a risk factor in chronic renal failure because:
answer
The kidneys fail to activate vitamin D
question
Anemia accompanies chronic renal failure because of:
answer
Inadequate production of erythropoietin.
question
A patient with end stage renal disease has pruritus. When the patient asks what causes this, what is the nurse's best response ? Pruitus, seen in patients with end stage renal disease, is caused by high levels of:
answer
Calcium