question

Which of the following is an example of a programmed decision situation?

answer

reorder of raw materials from an established supplier

question

All of the following are characteristics of a nonprogrammed decision situation except:

answer

multivariate

question

The initial step in a problem solving, decision situation is:

answer

problem recognition

question

The final step in the decision-making process is:

answer

feedback and monitoring

question

Intuition would be a major part of the input for a manager making what kind of decision?

answer

nonprogrammed

question

An effective decision is timely, acceptable to the individuals affected by it, and:

answer

meets the desired objective

question

The rational model of decision making assumes:

answer

that the decision maker can calculate the probability of success for alternatives

question

In the rational model, the decision maker strives to:

answer

optimize

question

Under the bounded rationality model of problem solving and decision making:

answer

managers are comfortable making decisions without identifying all options

question

The model of bounded rationality was first proposed by:

answer

Herbert Simon

question

You are starting your senior year of college and look forward to graduation in May. An important task at hand is selecting courses for your final year of study. All but two of your courses are electives. Your course selections will most likely be made based on the:

answer

bounded rationality model

question

An important element of the bounded rationality model is:

answer

satisficing

question

Heuristics are:

answer

shortcuts in decision making that save mental activity

question

Which decision-making model is the most realistic in portraying the managerial decision process?

answer

bounded rationality

question

A decision situation where some information is known and probabilities can be assigned to alternative solutions reflects a decision made under:

answer

risk

question

The cognitive style that exhibits a preference for data and a detailed, objective approach to decision making is:

answer

sensing/thinking

question

The fourth step in the Z model of problem solving is:

answer

impact analysis

question

Step one of the Z model corresponds to the _____ cognitive style.

answer

sensing/thinking

question

The first step in the Z problem solving model, which is to examine facts and detail, uses which of the following to gather information about the problem?

answer

sensing

question

All of the following are examples of escalation of commitment except:

answer

Blue Man Group's history of making decisions that involve exiting businesses and offers to sell credit cards and soft drinks

question

Which of the following best represents the three reasons why managers may hang on to a losing course of action or escalate their commitment?

answer

cognitive dissonance, overly optimistic, and illusion of control

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the escalation of commitment?

answer

high or low self-monitoring

question

Continuing to support a failing course of action is known as:

answer

escalation of commitment

question

Research indicates that women are:

answer

more averse to risk than men

question

In the consideration of whether the right or the left part of the brain should be utilized in decision making, the ideal situation is to be:

answer

brain-lateralized

question

The right side of the brain is best used for which type of activity or decision?

answer

develop visions and strategic plans

question

An incorrect assumption about the use of intuition in making decisions is that:

answer

it is seldom a positive force

question

The research by Henry Mintzberg regarding intuition and managerial roles suggests that:

answer

managers make judgments based on hunches

question

A recent review of the research on intuition suggests that:

answer

although intuition cannot be taught, managers can be trained to rely more fully on the prompting of their intuition

question

Agor, a researcher on intuition, suggests all of the following can be techniques used by managers to tap into their intuition except:

answer

using decision heuristics and satisficing

question

The stage of creativity where one engages in other activities while the mind considers the problem is:

answer

incubation

question

Which of the following is generally NOT associated with creative abilities or creativity?

answer

concern for failure

question

An organization should do or provide all of the following except _____ if it wants to encourage employee creativity.

answer

close supervision

question

An organization could increase creativity by doing which of the following?

answer

eliminate office walls and cubicles

question

Research has indicated that creative performance is highest when:

answer

there is a match, or fit, between the individual and organizational influences on creativity

question

Searching for the "right" answer and avoiding problems outside of our own expertise would be considered what type of problem for creativity?

answer

mental locks

question

Research on the impact of moods on tasks that involve considerable cognitive demands suggests:

answer

Negative moods result in better performance

question

Responsive creativity is:

answer

responding to a problem that is presented to you by others because it is part of your job

question

The majority-wins rule in group decision making is an example of:

answer

a social decision scheme

question

When the group decision involves a matter of preference or opinion, the most appropriate social decision scheme is:

answer

the majority-wins rule

question

A shortcoming or liability of the group process in decision making is:

answer

too much time spent making the decision

question

A deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment resulting from in-group pressures defines:

answer

groupthink

question

High cohesiveness, directive leadership, and high stress are antecedent conditions for:

answer

groupthink

question

An approach to minimize groupthink is to:

answer

re-examine the preferred solution even if consensus has been reached

question

Which of the following would NOT be considered a symptom of groupthink?

answer

high conflict

question

A group approach to decision making tends to be appropriate when:

answer

employees may be in conflict over preferred solution

question

A review of the decision situation in the Challenger incident identified which two variables as being important to the groupthink phenomena?

answer

leadership style and time constraints

question

Group polarization results in:

answer

the tendency for group members who were initially more cautious to become significantly less cautious

question

The social comparison approach and persuasive arguments view have both been used to explain:

answer

group polarization

question

A good group decision approach when an objective is to maximize the number of alternatives is:

answer

brainstorming

question

A structured approach to decision making that focuses on generating alternatives silently, prevents criticism of alternatives, and uses a voting process to identify group choices is:

answer

the nominal group

question

A technique that is valuable in its ability to generate a number of independent judgments without the requirement of a face-to-face meeting is:

answer

the Delphi technique

question

As a project group leader, you have recognized the benefits of conflict and some disagreement among project members in solving difficult problems. Accordingly, you are likely to use:

answer

dialectical inquiry

question

Which of the following is a characteristic of quality teams?

answer

They make data-based decisions about improving product and service quality.

question

An antidote for groupthink in self-managed teams is:

answer

welcoming dissent

question

Recent research examining the effects of cultural diversity on decision making has found that when individuals in a group are racially dissimilar:

answer

they arrive at better decisions than racially similar groups

question

Participative decision making tends to be associated with:

answer

higher levels of employee job satisfaction

question

A key organizational requirement for participation in decision making includes:

answer

supportive culture

question

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an individual prerequisite for participation and empowerment?

answer

reliance on external rewards

question

Formulating a set of decision rules for making inventory re-ordering decisions is an example of programmed decision making.

answer

True

OrgB Ch.10

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