Oral soft tissue pathology – Flashcards
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Carcinoma
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a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
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Sarcoma
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tumor of connective tissue
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Peduncuated
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attached by a stalk
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Sessile
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attached by a broad base
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Ankyloglossia
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tongue-tie; a defect of the tongue characterized by a short, thick frenulum Needs to be fix
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Fissured tongue
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a variation of normal, and its cause is unknown top of tongue appears to have deep fissures or grooves that become irritated if food debris collects in them
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Median Rhomboid Glossitis theories
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A form of candidiasis Trapped embryonic tissue when tongue is forming
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Geographic tongue
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has multiple fissures and irregular smoother areas, patches shape changes and moves around No papilla Patches are smooth or glossy
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Bald tongue
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Atrophy of papilla Caused by nutritional deficiency (Iron, B6) Burning sensation unable to tolerate high temperatures
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Papilloma
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a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue Finger like projections Hyperkeratosis
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Granuloma
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a general term used to describe a small, knot like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis. Outer capsule of fibrous tissue with an inner core of granulation tissue Caused by irritation and inflammation
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Fibroma
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Benign tumor of fibroblast
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Haemangioma
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benign tumour of blood vessels, vascular endothelium (endothelial cells line the blood vessels)
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Leukoplakia
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thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer Homogenous or Nonhomogenous
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Homogenous
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smooth, less chance of turning into cancer than nonhomogenous
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
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Lupus Erythematosus
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Chronic progressive auto immune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues characterized by red rash with raised red plaques
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Erythroplakia
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Presents as a red, velvety, flat lesion Higher chance of cancer than leucoplakia
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Erythroleukoplakia
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.A mixture of both red and white color within a tissue that is premalignant or malignant lesions High chance of turning into cancer
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Lichen Planus
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What causes flat-topped purplish, pruritic, papules? Possible cause: immune reaction Affects skin or mucosa or both
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Wickham's Striae
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interlacing white lines formed by a grouping of white papules. usually found on the buccal mucosa
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Types of lichen planus
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Reticular: Lacy network Atrophic: Mucous peeling off Papular: small outgrowths Erosive: thinner than ulcer Plaque like: white flat patch Bullous: blisters
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Nicotinic Stomatitis
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Hyperkeratosis palate with red spots (minor salivary glands ducts obstructed by keratin and inflammed) from pipe, cigar or cigarette smoking
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Actinic Keratosis
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scaly plaque precursor to Squamous cell carcinoma, and is in mostly sun exposed areas Dry lips
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Oral Submucous fibrosis
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irreversible mucosal change thought to be due to hypersensitivity to dietary substances, esp betel nut, mucosa opaque because of submucosal scarring, may progress to SCC causes burning sensation thinning of epithelium and fibrous bands
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Aspirin burn
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Large white lesion on mucosa caused from direct application of aspirin.
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Chronic cheek bites
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Hyperkeratosis (trying to protect itself) Bruising
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Aphthous Ulcer
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Red backround with yellowish white ulcer Starts with tingling sensation Possible causes: stress, hormonal changes, immune reaction On non-keratinised gingiva
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Aphthous Ulcer minor
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Less than 0.5cm one of many but usually less than 5
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Aphthous ulcer major
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Bigger than 0.5cm 14-21 days to heal
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Aphthous ulcer Herpetiform
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multiple ulcers, very small
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Fordyce's spots
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sebaceous oil glands near the surface of the epithelium that appears in the oral cavity as round yellow spots
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Amalgam tattoo
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Blue to grey gingival tissue in an area where amalgam particles have become trapped in the tissue
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Melanotic Macule
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Non-cancerous (benign), dark spot found on the lips or inside the mouth. Macule found on the lip is sometimes called a labial melanotic macule.
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Malignant melanoma
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malignant tumor composed of melanocytes trigger unknown very rare in oral cavity
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Haematoma
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Collection of extravasated (leaked) blood in tissues or organs
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Epulis fissuratum
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Fibrous hyperplasia, benign connective tissue lesions, due to mechanical irritation (dentures)
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Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia
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small projections on palate due to multiplication of epithelial cells most often due to poorly fitting denture
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Peripheral Giant cell Granuloma
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bluish lobulated nodule on the gingiva, due to trauma or irritation
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Pleomorphic adenoma
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MC benign tumor of salivary glands, MC site is parotid gland
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Adenocarcinoma
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cancerous tumour of salivary gland
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Salivary calculus
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Obstruction of salivary gland with calculus Causes pressure and pain especially at meals due to high secretion
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Retention Mucocele
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A mucosal swelling due to a dilated salivary gland duct that is caused by salivary duct obstruction Creates a pool when duct is damaged
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Extravasation Mucocele
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Blockage in the duct saliva spills into surrounding tissues
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Erythema Multiforme
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has different triggers blisters that rupture and cause ulcerations
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Crohn's Disease
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A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract. Can cause aphtous ulcers, mucosal tags, angular chellitis oral granulomas, pyostomatitis vegetar
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Coeliac Disease Oral Manifestations
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Enamel Hypoplasia Apthous ulcers Angular chellitis (could be nutritional defiency)
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gastroesophageal reflux disease
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enamel lost of palatel surface of maxillary anterior teeth
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Lichenoid reactions
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-Lesions that resemble Lichen Planus
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Blood dyscrasis
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A pathologic condition in which any of the constituents of the blood are abnormal in function, structure, or quality such as leukemia or hemophilia.
