Operations Management - Chapter 7 - Flashcards

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Ergonomics is the use of computers and robots in the workplace.

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FALSE

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Specialization is one of the sources of disagreement between the efficiency and behavioral approaches to job design.

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TRUE

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One disadvantage of specialization is worker dissatisfaction.

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TRUE

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The quickest, most effective way to improve an employee's job satisfaction is increase his or her compensation.

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FALSE

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Job enrichment involves giving a worker a greater share of the total task which is why they feel enriched.

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FALSE

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Trust is a factor influencing productivity.

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TRUE

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Many lower level jobs are monotonous and boring.

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TRUE

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Job enrichment involves an increase in the level of responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks.

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TRUE

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"Self-directed teams" are allowed to make changes in the work processes under their control.

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TRUE

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"Self-directed teams" help other work groups make changes to their processes.

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FALSE

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Motivation influences quality and productivity, but not the work environment.

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FALSE

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One important factor that influences productivity is trust between workers and managers.

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TRUE

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Ergonomics is an important part of job design to consider when we automate the system.

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FALSE

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One of the potential benefits of "self-directed teams" is higher productivity and greater worker satisfaction.

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TRUE

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One of the potential benefits of "self-directed teams" is higher quality.

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TRUE

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One potential disadvantage of "self-directed teams" is higher training costs.

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FALSE

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Job design relates to people therefore technology has little impact.

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FALSE

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Methods analysis cannot be done for new jobs (ones that do not yet exist) since it requires observation of the process.

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FALSE

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One therblig is the equivalent of one hour of sustained work by one average person.

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FALSE

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A flow process chart is helpful for visualizing the portions of a work cycle during which the operator and equipment are busy or idle.

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FALSE

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Predetermined time standards are usually based on observing one very efficient worker performing the task.

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FALSE

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Therbligs are basic elemental motions.

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TRUE

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We incorporate the average seriousness of accidents by measuring the number of lost-time accidents per million labor-hours worked.

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FALSE

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Work measurement concentrates on how long the tasks take to accomplish.

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TRUE

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Ergonomics is important for preventing common workplace injuries such as back injuries and repetitive-motion injuries.

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TRUE

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The most widely used method of work measurement is work sampling.

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FALSE

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For purposes of obtaining good time standards using a stopwatch time study, the analyst should try to avoid having the worker discover he or she is being observed.

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FALSE

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One factor in determining how many cycles to time in a time study is the degree of variation that is present in the observed times.

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TRUE

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The normal time in time study is obtained by multiplying the observed time by the performance rating.

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TRUE

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Studies on worker efficiency and time of day suggest the greatest efficiency is at the end of the day when workers are 'warmed up'.

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FALSE

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The normal time for a job is multiplied by the performance rating to obtain the standard time for the job.

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FALSE

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The design of work systems, because objective standards are used, avoids most ethical issues.

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FALSE

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The standard time for a job can be obtained by multiplying the normal time by an appropriate allowance factor.

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TRUE

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Predetermined time standards use historical data from a company's own files.

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FALSE

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A performance rating of less than 1.0 means that the observed worker was judged to be working at a faster than normal rate - doing the job quicker than normal.

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FALSE

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Predetermined time standards involve the use of published data regarding how long various activities are expected to take.

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TRUE

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Work sampling can be used to estimate the proportion of time a machine is idle.

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TRUE

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Work sampling involves the use of some method of randomizing the observations.

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TRUE

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An advantage of work sampling, compared to a stopwatch time study, is that observations are spread out over a period of time in work sampling.

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TRUE

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No stopwatch is required in a work sampling study.

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TRUE

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Work sampling provides a detailed elemental breakdown of a task for purposes of establishing reliable time standards.

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FALSE

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Measured day work refers to an output-based system.

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FALSE

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It would be acceptable to use a group incentive plan for an assembly line operation.

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TRUE

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Work sampling provides both quick and accurate estimates of activity times.

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FALSE

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Methods analysis and motion study techniques do not directly consider behavioral aspects of jobs.

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TRUE

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"Time-based systems" compensate employees according to the time the employee has worked and the amount of output they produce.

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FALSE

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"Output-based systems" compensate employees according to the amount of output they produce, thereby tying pay directly to performance.

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TRUE

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A pay system that rewards workers who undergo training that increases their skills is called a "knowledge-based pay system."

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TRUE

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"Knowledge-based pay systems" pay higher wages or salaries to workers who have completed college than to those who just finished high school.

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FALSE

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Employment research in the 1970's revealed that workers were widely dissatisfied; they felt that their jobs were boring and their pay was too low.

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FALSE

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A worker-machine chart can help identify non-productive parts of a process.

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FALSE

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A worker-machine chart can be used to determine how many machines an operator can manage.

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TRUE

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Micro motion studies should be limited to periodic activities where breakthrough improvements are possible.

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FALSE

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The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) is a regulatory burden that has been proven to have little impact on the safety and welfare of workers.

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FALSE

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Management compensation should be based primarily on organizational output.

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FALSE

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Many management compensation systems are being revised to reflect increased emphasis on quality and customer service.

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TRUE

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Behavioral approaches to job design include: A. Specialization B. Ergonomics C. Job Rotation D. Flow Process Charts E. SIMO Charts

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C. Job Rotation

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A major advantage of job specialization in business is increased __________. A. motivation B. opportunity for advancement C. opportunity for self-fulfillment D. productivity E. job enrichment

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D. productivity

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Which of the following is not generally considered an advantage of specialization? A. high productivity B. low wage costs C. ease of training employees D. low equipment costs E. all are advantages

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D. low equipment costs

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Process chart symbols don't include _________. A. Delay B. Inspection C. Operation D. Rejection E. Storage

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D. Rejection

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Which of the following most closely describes job enlargement? A. horizontal loading B. increasing the level of responsibility associated with a job C. transferring workers through a series of jobs to increase their scope of experience D. increasing the amount of workspace assigned to a worker E. assigning two jobs to the same worker

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A. horizontal loading

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A behavioral approach to job design which increases responsibility for planning and coordinating tasks is job: A. enlargement B. rotation C. enrichment D. involvement E. enhancement

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C. enrichment

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Which of the following concerns is not one that job designers focus on? A. what will be done in a job B. who will do the job C. how the job will be done D. when should the job be completed E. where the job will be done

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D. when should the job be completed

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Which of the following is not a potential benefit of the use of self-directed teams? A. higher quality B. higher productivity C. greater worker satisfaction D. greater satisfaction for middle managers E. lower turnover

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D. greater satisfaction for middle managers

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A SIMO chart includes: A. Delay B. Storage C. Transportation D. Left/Right hand movements E. Inspection

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D. Left/Right hand movements

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Determining the number of cycles to observe is an element of _________. A. Stop watch time study. B. Standard elemental times. C. Predetermined time standards. D. Work sampling. E. MTM tables.

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A. Stop watch time study.

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The chart used to review the overall sequence of an operation by focusing on either the movements of the operator or materials is called a __________. A. SIMO-chart B. Gantt chart C. Worker-materials chart D. Flow process chart E. Multi-activity chart

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D. Flow process chart

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The methods analysis chart which describes the overall sequence of operations, transportation, storage, delays, and inspection is a: A. flow process chart B. worker-machine chart C. gang process chart D. simultaneous-motion (SIMO) chart E. time/efficiency chart

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A. flow process chart

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The symbols for operation, storage, transportation, inspection, and delay would usually be found on which type of chart? A. Flow process B. Gantt C. Simultaneous motion D. Worker-machine E. Delay analysis

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A. Flow process

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The chart used to focus on busy and idle portions of a work cycle is a: A. Worker-machine chart B. Gantt chart C. SIMO-chart D. Idle chart E. Flow process chart

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A. Worker-machine chart

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The methods analysis chart which describes the portions of a work cycle during which an operator and equipment are busy or idle is a: A. flow process chart B. worker-machine chart C. gang process chart D. simultaneous-motion (SIMO) chart E. time/efficiency chart

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B. worker-machine chart

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In methods analysis, a "therblig" is a: A. charting method of analysis B. job enrichment technique C. dummy task D. basic elemental motion E. fraction (.0006) of a minute

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D. basic elemental motion

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The methods analysis chart which describes the movements of both hands at the same time is a: A. flow process chart B. worker-machine chart C. gang process chart D. simultaneous-motion (SIMO) chart E. time/efficiency chart

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D. simultaneous-motion (SIMO) chart

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One form of long term team that is increasingly being used, especially in lean production settings, is: A. Quality circle B. Product Design C. Self-directed D. Self-improvement E. Mandatory

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C. Self-directed

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In a stopwatch time study, the number of cycles that must be timed is a function of: A. the variability of observed times B. the desired accuracy for the estimated job time C. the desired confidence for the estimated job time D. all of the above E. none of the above

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D. all of the above

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What is the effect of an increase in the desired confidence level on the number of observations necessary in a time study? A. increases B. decreases C. unaffected D. may increase or decrease, depending on the sample standard deviation E. impossible to say without additional information

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A. increases

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In a stopwatch time study, the average time it takes a given worker to perform a task a certain number of times is the: A. observed time B. normal time C. standard time D. allowance time E. performance rating time

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A. observed time

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Which is not a requirement for an effective team? A. talent and skills to meet goals B. one or more members representing supervision C. a system of reinforcement and celebration D. clearly stated and commonly held vision and goals E. effective and skilled interpersonal relations.

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B. one or more members representing supervision

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A job had an observed cycle time of four minutes, a performance rating of 80 percent, and an allowance factor that was 20 percent of job time. Normal time for the job in minutes is: A. 3.20 B. 3.84 C. 4.00 D. 4.80 E. 5.00

answer

A. 3.20

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When performing a time study, the analyst converts the observed time into the time an "average" worker would require working at an acceptable pace by using which of the following? A. allowance factors B. MTM C. methods analysis D. performance rating E. analysis of therbligs

answer

D. performance rating

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In stopwatch time study, adjusting the normal time by an allowance factor for normal delays and interruptions results in the: A. observed time B. normal time C. standard time D. allowance time E. performance rating time

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C. standard time

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A job had an observed time of 10 minutes, a performance rating of .90, and an allowance factor of 20 percent of job time. Twenty-five cycles were timed. Standard time for the job in minutes is: A. 10.0 B. 10.8 C. 12.5 D. 15.0 E. depends on the number of cycles observed

answer

B. 10.8

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A job has a normal time of 12 minutes, a performance rating of .80, and an allowance factor of 20 percent of job time. The standard time for this job in minutes is: A. 11.52 B. 12 C. 14.4 D. 15 E. depends on the number of cycles observed

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C. 14.4

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Standard times derived from a firm's historical data are known as: A. predetermined times B. MTM C. work sampling times D. judgmental times E. standard elemental times

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E. standard elemental times

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Allowance percentages normally would not include: A. noise levels B. monotony C. personal phone calls D. weight lifted E. rest room allowances

answer

C. personal phone calls

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A technique for estimating the proportion of time a worker spends on various activities is: A. stopwatch time study B. standard elemental (historical) times C. simultaneous motion study D. predetermined (published) time standards E. work sampling

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E. work sampling

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The technique which can be used to estimate the percentage of time a worker or piece of equipment is idle is known as: A. MTM B. work sampling C. methods analysis D. micro motion study E. none of these

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B. work sampling

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Which sample proportion will require the largest number of work sampling observations? A. .05 B. .25 C. .50 D. .75 E. .95

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C. .50

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What will be the effect on sample size in work sampling of increasing the permissible maximum error? A. increase the number of observations needed B. decrease the number of observations needed C. no effect on sample size D. sometimes increase and sometimes decrease the sample size, depending on the analyst E. impossible to say without additional information

answer

B. decrease the number of observations needed

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In work sampling, observations should be taken: A. at the same time each day B. within a short period of time C. at randomly determined times D. once every hour E. once every day

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C. at randomly determined times

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Which of the following is not an advantage of work sampling compared to stopwatch time study? A. There is little or no disruption of work. B. It is less susceptible to short-term fluctuations. C. Workers are less resentful. D. It is less costly and less time-consuming. E. It is better suited for short, repetitive tasks.

answer

E. It is better suited for short, repetitive tasks.

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Which of the following is not characteristic of time-based compensation plans? A. stable labor costs B. easier to administer than output-based plans C. stable pay for workers D. simpler wage computations than output-based plans E. lower cost per unit than output-based plans

answer

E. lower cost per unit than output-based plans

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Which of the following statements should not characterize an operations strategy toward the design of work systems? A. Manufacturing technology is the heart of a business. B. Workers can make or break a business. C. Workers can be a valuable source of insights. D. A spirit of cooperation can contribute to success. E. Workers can be proud and respected.

answer

A. Manufacturing technology is the heart of a business.

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The design of work systems involves: A. work measurement B. job design C. compensation D. all of the above E. use of outside human resource consultants

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D. all of the above

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Methods analysis and motion study techniques develop which aspect of jobs? A. behavioral aspects B. efficiency aspects C. pay levels D. all of the above E. none of the above

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B. efficiency aspects

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A disadvantage of teams is: A. higher quality B. higher productivity C. greater worker satisfaction D. team member conflict E. lower turnover

answer

D. team member conflict

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Asking a group of employees at a particular level to take on more responsibility is a form of ___________ loading, also known as job __________. A. horizontal; enlargement B. vertical; enrichment C. horizontal; enrichment D. horizontal; rotation E. vertical; rotation

answer

B. vertical; enrichment

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If there is a good chance that one or a few employees could wind up in monotonous jobs, job __________ can be a good idea. A. alteration B. expansion C. enrichment D. enlargement E. rotation

answer

E. rotation

Operations Management – Chapter 7 – Flashcards

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